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Vehicular Communications

A post-quantum secure PUF based cross-domain authentication mechanism for Internet of drones

Aiswarya S. Nair, Sabu M. Thampi, V. Jafeel

Published Apr 25, 2024• 25 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.vehcom.2024.100780

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The proliferation of Internet of Drones (IoDs)-based use cases has greatly transformed the cyberspace into pervasive and ubiquitous world. The IoD applications could range beyond military, civilian and industrial domains. However, these drones work in hostile environment, and face many challenges related to communication security. Owing to energy, storage and computational resource-constraints, the complex and heavy cryptographic solutions could not be directly deployed in IoD environment. Several authentication protocols for IoD system can be witnessed however with limitations. In this work, we have demonstrated a two-stage PUF-enabled lightweight authentication protocol (TS-PAID) for IoD setting. In comparison with related protocols, the TS-PAID bring more computational and communicational efficiencies along with resilience against known security threats including physical capture of drone. The security properties of TS-PAID are proven under formal analysis based on Real-or-Random (RoR) random oracle model. The performance findings exhibit practicality and effectiveness for the proposed scheme against the comparative studies.
The use of Internet of Drones (IoD) technology has surged across various domains such as logistics, surveying, industrial inspections, emergency response, security, infrastructure monitoring, crop management, and more. However, real-time communication with drones or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in the IoD environment occurs over an insecure open channel, making it susceptible to various security and privacy vulnerabilities, including unauthorized access, data interception, denial of service attacks, and privacy concerns. Due to their unique characteristics, including long transmission distances, unstable communication environments, resource limitations, and the highly dynamic nature of UAVs, ensuring the security and privacy of IoD systems is of paramount importance for the success of IoD-based applications. Furthermore, drones are resource-constrained devices, and employing expensive security solutions is impractical, as it would significantly reduce the operational capacity of drones. In this paper, we present the design of an ultralightweight, secure, and robust user-authenticated key agreement framework for the IoD environment, named USAF-IoD. The proposed USAF-IoD is developed by incorporating authenticated encryption (ASCON), cryptographic hashing, XOR operations, and the use of physical unclonable functions (PUFs). PUFs are employed to enhance resistance against physical tampering attacks. The security analysis reveals that the proposed USAF-IoD meets the essential security requirements of the IoD environment. The comparative analysis further highlights the effectiveness of the proposed USAF-IoD, notably excelling in terms of security and functionality characteristics when compared to existing benchmark schemes, and showcasing competitive performance in computation, communication, and energy overheads.