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Optics Letters

All-optical Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen steering swapping

Qiwu Hu, Jiabin Wang, Shengshuai Liu, Jietai Jing

Published Apr 9, 2024• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering, an important resource in quantum information, describes the ability of one party to influence the state of another party through local measurements. It differs from Bell nonlocality and entanglement due to its asymmetric property. EPR steering swapping allows two spatially independent parties to present EPR steering without direct interaction. Here, we theoretically propose an all-optical EPR steering swapping (AOSS) scheme based on low-noise high-broadband optical parametric amplifiers (OPAs). A low-noise high-broadband OPA is utilized to implement the function of Bell-state measurement without detection, avoiding the optic-electro and electro-optic conversions. After AOSS, one-way and two-way EPR steering between two independent optical modes can be obtained. Our scheme provides a guidance for the construction of a measurement-free, all-optical broadband quantum network utilizing EPR steering swapping.

DOI
10.1364/ol.520036

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Physical Review A•Aug 7, 2017•19 citations
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering, an important resource in quantum information, describes the ability of one party to influence the state of another party through local measurements. It differs from Bell nonlocality and entanglement due to its asymmetric property. EPR steering swapping allows two spatially independent parties to present EPR steering without direct interaction. Here, we theoretically propose an all-optical EPR steering swapping (AOSS) scheme based on low-noise high-broadband optical parametric amplifiers (OPAs). A low-noise high-broadband OPA is utilized to implement the function of Bell-state measurement without detection, avoiding the optic-electro and electro-optic conversions. After AOSS, one-way and two-way EPR steering between two independent optical modes can be obtained. Our scheme provides a guidance for the construction of a measurement-free, all-optical broadband quantum network utilizing EPR steering swapping.
Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering is a key resource in the field of quantum information. It characterizes the ability of one party to exert remote influence on the state of another party through local operations. In this paper, we propose all-optical multipartite EPR steering swapping schemes with symmetric and asymmetric structures based on four-wave mixing (FWM) processes. Optical components are used to replace measurement devices or electronic feedforward devices in the traditional scheme, avoiding optic-electro and electro-optic conversions. The results show that both structures can verify the Gaussian-steered monogamous relationships, while the asymmetric structure produces stronger steering. Our schemes provide theoretical guidance for constructing all-optical broadband quantum networks.
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering exhibits an inherent asymmetric feature that differs from both entanglement and Bell nonlocality, which leads to one-way EPR steering. Although this one-way EPR steering phenomenon has been experimentally observed, the schemes to manipulate the direction of EPR steering have not been investigated thoroughly. In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate three schemes to manipulate the direction of EPR steering, either by varying the noise on one party of a two-mode squeezed state (TMSS) or transmitting the TMSS in a noisy channel. The dependence of the direction of EPR steering on the noise and transmission efficiency in the quantum channel is analyzed. The experimental results show that the direction of EPR steering of the TMSS can be changed in the presented schemes. Our work is helpful in understanding the fundamental asymmetry of quantum nonlocality and has potential applications in future asymmetric quantum information processing.
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering, a distinct class of quantum correlation intermediate between entanglement and Bell nonlocality, exhibits unique asymmetry and directionality. EPR steering swapping, analogous to entanglement swapping, enables two initially independent particles to establish EPR steering correlations. Recent advances in all-optical entanglement and EPR steering swapping have overcome the limitation of mutual electro-optical conversions. However, for quantum information systems required in real-world applications, extending these capabilities to multimode regimes remains largely underexplored. Here, we propose an m -to- n multimode all-optical EPR steering swapping architecture based on energy-level-cascaded four-wave mixing processes. By harnessing fundamental light-atom interactions, we demonstrate scalable multimode EPR steering swapping and realize non-Hermitian control over dressing-induced coherent channels. Crucially, our multimode approach demonstrates distinctive, mode-dependent features of non-monotonicity and asymmetry, which are unattainable in conventional two-mode schemes. The flexible controllability afforded by such multimode quantum correlations also facilitates interfaces between non-Hermitian light-matter systems, paving the way for practical implementations of EPR steering and all-optical quantum networks.
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering is a quantum mechanical phenomenon that allows one party to steer the state of a distant party by exploiting their shared entanglement. It has potential applications in secure quantum communication. In this paper, we present two swapping schemes of Gaussian EPR steering, single-channel and dual-channel schemes, by the technique of entanglement swapping. Two space-separated independent EPR steering states without a direct interaction present EPR steering after deterministic swapping. By comparing the EPR steering of the single-channel and dual-channel schemes, we show that the transmission distance of the single-channel scheme is much longer than that of the symmetric dual-channel scheme. Different from entanglement swapping, one-way EPR steering is presented after swapping over lossy channels. The most interesting thing is that the change of the EPR steering direction is observed in the dual-channel scheme. We also show that excess noise in a quantum channel will shorten the transmission distance of the swapping, even leading to the sudden death of EPR steering. The presented schemes provide a technical reference for remote quantum communications with EPR steering.
Asymmetric Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering means the ability of one party to nonlocally “steer” the state in the other side through local measurements. The asymmetric property of EPR steering provides adequate security in one-sided device-independent secure quantum communication protocols. In this paper, we theoretically investigate the asymmetric EPR steering schemes between two subsystems of multipartite entangled states by an asymmetric modulation method. Two schemes, including tripartite entangled state to bipartite steering and quadripartite entangled state to tripartite steering, are investigated. By reconstructing the covariance matrix of continuous variable multipartite Gaussian states, we quantify the steerability of manipulating two different subsystems and demonstrate the EPR steering parameter versus various types of states’ parameters. Our work provides a reference for asymmetric quantum information processing and enriches resources for secure quantum networks.
Multipartite Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering is a useful quantum resource for quantum communication in quantum networks. It has potential applications in secure quantum communication, such as one-sided device-independent quantum key distribution and quantum secret sharing. By distributing optical modes of a multipartite entangled state to space-separated quantum nodes, a local quantum network can be established. Based on the existing multipartite EPR steering in a local quantum network, secure quantum communication protocol can be accomplished. In this manuscript, we present swapping schemes for EPR steering between two space-separated Gaussian multipartite entangled states, which can be used to connect two space-separated quantum networks. Two swapping schemes, including the swapping between a tripartite Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) entangled state and an EPR entangled state and that between two tripartite GHZ entangled states, are analyzed. Various types of EPR steering are presented after the swapping of two space-separated independent multipartite entanglement states without direct interaction, which can be used to implement quantum communication between two quantum networks. The presented schemes provide technical reference for more complicated quantum networks with EPR steering.