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Orbital Angular Momentum entanglement by Spontaneous Four Wave Mixing realized in a vapor by vortex beams of same handedness

Myrann Baker-Rasooli, Laurence Pruvost

Published Nov 24, 2023• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Spontaneous Four Wave Mixing (SFWM) carried out in a vapor by two optical vortex beams is analyzed in the case of same handedness input orbital angular momenta. We show that the generated pair of waves carries orbital angular momenta whose entanglement strongly depends on the chosen four-levels atomic scheme, asymmetric or not. The illustration is done with two schemes of rubidium. In addition based on a theory-experiment comparison we show that the output is a partially coherent superposition of modes preserving the entanglement.

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We explore the conservation of orbital angular momentum (OAM) in the four-wave mixing (FWM) process in hot rubidium vapor. Since most modern communication systems send data in pulses corresponding to bits, we can use OAM to encode more information in each pulse by assigning structure to each signal. Furthermore, because FWM can be used to generate entangled photon pairs, we can use this process to bring enhanced signal security. We experimentally studied FWM with a wide range of Laguerre-Gaussian modes and their superpositions and observed OAM transfer from the probe field to a generated Stokes field. By studying the output Stokes intensity and phase distributions, we confirm l mode (OAM) conservation for pure l and p modes, as well as for the superpositions of l and -l for the mode numbers up to l = 4, p = 4. We also found that p index is generally not conserved and its conservation is highly dependent on the relative sizes of the probe and pump beams in the Rb cell. We also identify parameters to improve FWM gain with OAM transfer and propose an analytical method for determining OAM p number.

•Jan 1, 2020•0 citations
Spontaneous Four Wave Mixing (SFWM) carried out in a vapor by two optical vortex beams is analyzed in the case of same handedness input orbital angular momenta. We show that the generated pair of waves carries orbital angular momenta whose entanglement strongly depends on the chosen four-levels atomic scheme, asymmetric or not. The illustration is done with two schemes of rubidium. In addition based on a theory-experiment comparison we show that the output is a partially coherent superposition of modes preserving the entanglement.
A source of hyper-entangled photons plays a vital role in quantum information processing, owing to its high information capacity. In this Letter, we demonstrate a convenient method to generate polarization and orbital angular momentum (OAM) hyper-entangled photon pairs via spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in a hot 87 R b atomic vapor. The polarization entanglement is achieved by coherently combining two SFWM paths with the aid of two beam displacers that constitute a phase self-stabilized interferometer, and OAM entanglement is realized by taking advantage of the OAM conservation condition during the SFWM process. Our hyper-entangled biphoton source possesses high brightness and high nonclassicality and may have broad applications in atom–photon-interaction-based quantum networks.
Vector vortex beams with varying polarization on the transversal profile can be used to increase information capacity and found applications in optical communication, optical trapping, high-resolution imaging, and quantum information. Here, we experimentally generate polarization-vector vortex mode hybrid entangled photon pairs in warm 85 Rb atomic vapor via spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM). Specifically, we firstly generate non-classical biphotons with high g (2) and then achieve polarization entanglement via coherent superposition of two SFWM paths by using beam displacers in a phase self-stabilized interferometer configuration. Finally, we realize polarization-vector vortex mode hybrid entanglement by utilizing q-plates, and a fidelity of 94.92% is obtained. This work may benefit the use of vector vortex beams in a quantum network based on atoms.
Optical vortex light engendered with integer units of orbital angular momentum (OAM) may be involved in frequency upconversion. Second harmonic generation is usually forbidden in isotropic media due to parity constraints, but it becomes allowed by six-wave mixing. Here, we present a rigorous quantum analysis for the case of a Laguerre-Gaussian input beam comprising photons endowed with a single unit of OAM. Such a process gives rise to the novel entanglement of orbital momentum in two emergent photons; it transpires that the mechanism delivers a harmonic output whose polarization is essentially parallel to the incident radiation. This investigation ascertains the character of the emission, both under forward propagation and back-reflection geometries, and identifies in detail the form of distribution in the entangled total orbital momentum. A distinctive conical spread, originating from the entangled distribution in the emission pair, affords a potential means to determine the individual angular momenta.
We explore the conservation of orbital angular momentum (OAM) in the four-wave mixing (FWM) process in hot rubidium vapor. Since most modern communication systems send data in pulses corresponding to bits, we can use OAM to encode more information in each pulse by assigning structure to each signal. Furthermore, because FWM can be used to generate entangled photon pairs, we can use this process to bring enhanced signal security. We experimentally studied FWM with a wide range of Laguerre-Gaussian modes and their superpositions and observed OAM transfer from the probe field to a generated Stokes field. By studying the output Stokes intensity and phase distributions, we confirm l mode (OAM) conservation for pure l and p modes, as well as for the superpositions of l and -l for the mode numbers up to l = 4, p = 4. We also found that p index is generally not conserved and its conservation is highly dependent on the relative sizes of the probe and pump beams in the Rb cell. We also identify parameters to improve FWM gain with OAM transfer and propose an analytical method for determining OAM p number.