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Advanced Quantum Technologies

Difference‐Frequency Generation with and without Quantum Interference in Superconducting Circuits

Miao‐Xiang Liang, Hai‐Chao Li, Wei Xiong

Published Jan 10, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) plays an important role in enhancing nonlinear optical processes at the quantum level. This paper proposes an accessible scheme for realizing high‐efficiency second‐order nonlinear difference‐frequency generation beyond the conventional EIT technique in superconducting circuits. By designing two subsystems to create two transparency windows from Autler–Townes splitting (ATS), a dual‐ATS mechanism is triggered in the scheme. This mechanism leads to an efficient difference‐frequency generation, and the efficiency obtained here can be four orders of magnitude larger than that of the EIT scheme. This study may pave a way for exploring ATS‐enhanced nonlinear optics.

DOI
10.1002/qute.202300300

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Abstract Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) plays an important role in enhancing nonlinear optical processes at the quantum level. This paper proposes an accessible scheme for realizing high‐efficiency second‐order nonlinear difference‐frequency generation beyond the conventional EIT technique in superconducting circuits. By designing two subsystems to create two transparency windows from Autler–Townes splitting (ATS), a dual‐ATS mechanism is triggered in the scheme. This mechanism leads to an efficient difference‐frequency generation, and the efficiency obtained here can be four orders of magnitude larger than that of the EIT scheme. This study may pave a way for exploring ATS‐enhanced nonlinear optics.
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Exploring enhanced nonlinear optics based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) has always been one of the striking issues in cavity quantum electrodynamics. However, it is not clear whether the validity of EIT in enhancing nonlinear processes is universal. In this paper we demonstrate an efficient frequency conversion scheme via Autler-Townes splitting, instead of the so-called EIT mechanism, in a three-level quantum system. Because the selective system can be used to implement the conventional three-level EIT phenomenon, we present a direct evidence for the breakdown of nonlinear processes assisted by EIT. This strongly suggests that previously physical insight into the application of the standard EIT technique in nonlinear optics is not sufficient enough.
We investigate electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler-Townes splitting (ATS) in a driven three-level superconducting artificial system which is a dressed-state system resulting from the coupling of a superconducting charge qubit (an artificial atom) and a transmission line resonator. In the frame of the dressed-state approach and steady-state approximation, we study the linear absorption of the dressed artificial system to a weak probe signal in depth. In light of the spectrum-decomposition method and some other restrictions, we obtain the explicit conditions for the dressed-state realization of EIT and ATS and present a corresponding "phase diagram". In contrast to usual bare systems, these conditions given in the dressed system have an extra dependency on the qubit-resonator parameters. And by varying the qubit's Josephson coupling energy we demonstrate a transition from EIT to ATS.
Abstract In this letter, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is implemented in the microwave region with an experimental system composed of two indirectly coupled high‐temperature superconducting resonators. The transition condition between EIT and Autler–Townes splitting is analyzed, giving a physical explanation of this transition based on the superposition of dressed modes in a three‐level system. Benefit from the ultra‐low loss of superconducting circuit, it is experimentally shown that either EIT or Autler–Townes splitting can be explicitly achieved through control of the detuning between the two resonators and a group delay as high as 5 μs is obtained for the EIT case. This work suggests that high temperature superconducting circuit is a concise and explicit platform for investigating indirectly coupled resonators with standing‐wave modes and the physical mechanism underneath coherence phenomena in the microwave region.
Autler-Townes splitting (ATS) and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) both yield transparency in an absorption profile, but only EIT yields strong transparency for a weak pump field due to Fano interference. Empirically discriminating EIT from ATS is important but so far has been subjective. We introduce an objective method, based on Akaike's information criterion, to test ATS vs EIT from experimental data for three-level atomic systems and determine which pertains. We apply our method to a recently reported induced-transparency experiment in superconducting-circuit quantum electrodynamics.
Autler-Townes splitting (ATS) and electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) both yield transparency in an absorption profile, but only EIT yields strong transparency for a weak pump field due to Fano interference. Empirically discriminating EIT from ATS is important but so far has been subjective. We introduce an objective method, based on Akaike's information criterion, to test ATS vs. EIT from experimental data and determine which pertains. We apply our method to a recently reported induced-transparency experiment in superconducting circuit quantum electrodynamics.