We propose a Physical explanation of duality by considering two new concepts, namely that every elementary Particle is made up of a more or less complex stationary wave and that Empty Space is a granular medium comparable to a fluid quantum. The corpuscle can then be considered as a vortex of this medium, which implies a relationship of balance between the two entities, the wave is then the reaction of the medium to the presence of the vortex, or vice versa. This interpretation is compatible with quantum and relativistic theories and is in accordance with the results of loop theory with regard to Space.
We propose a Physical explanation of duality by considering two new concepts, namely that every elementary Particle is made up of a more or less complex stationary wave and that Empty Space is a granular medium comparable to a fluid quantum. The corpuscle can then be considered as a vortex of this medium, which implies a relationship of balance between the two entities, the wave is then the reaction of the medium to the presence of the vortex, or vice versa. This interpretation is compatible with quantum and relativistic theories and is in accordance with the results of loop theory with regard to Space.
In contemporary physics a current Quantum Mechanics (QM) theory holds that all particles exhibit a wave nature and vice versa. However, the meaning or interpretation of this statement has not been satisfactorily resolved yet. According to the multispace conception [1] the force field and space are synonyms. Each particle has several force fields: electric, magnetic, gravity. Therefore the particle can be simultaneously in several spaces. So a photon in its own electric and magnetic spaces is a particle, but in the gravity space the photon is a wave. This phenomenon is intrinsic wave-particle duality. The scattering and collisions of fermions (electrons) can form a picture of distribution similar to wave interference. It is apparent wave-particle duality because fermions remain as lumps.
The theory of the Dynamic Medium of Reference has already been presented in several articles, in particular O. Pignard, “Dynamic Medium of Reference: A new theory of gravitation” [Phys. Essays 32, 422 (2019)]. The objective of this article is to present a model of a massive particle within the framework of the Dynamic Medium of Reference theory. A concept of elementary wave on the subatomic level is introduced. An elementary wave is always identical to itself while being constantly renewed by new gravitons (entities that make up the medium of propagation of the wave). This elementary wave propagates in its medium (Dynamic Medium of Reference) at the speed of light, whatever its trajectory. A possible model of the elementary wave called vortex is presented in Appendix B. Then, the concept of line of vortices is introduced. The proposed model of a massive particle is then a set of lines of vortices. This model allows to explain that a massive particle has at the same time a wave aspect (because composed only of elementary waves) and a corpuscular aspect (since the elementary waves remain identical to themselves and that the massive particle remains delimited by the same volume). This model makes it possible to attribute to a massive particle a period T = γ ⋅ T 0 = T 0 / sin , a pulsation or angular velocity Ω = ( Ω 0 / γ ) = Ω 0 sin , an energy E = γ ⋅ m 0 c 0 2 = γ ⋅ E 0 = ( E O / sin ) , and a momentum p = γ ⋅ m 0 V = ( m 0 c 0 / tan ) , where T 0 , Ω 0 , E 0 , and m 0 are, respectively, the period, the pulsation, the energy, and the mass of the particle at rest in the Privileged Frame of Reference and designates the angle defined by the relation cos = V / c 0 , where V is the speed of the particle relative to the Privileged Frame of Reference. This same model also makes it possible to attribute to the massive particle the de Broglie wavelength of expression λ = ( h / p ) = λ 0 tan with λ 0 = ( h / m 0 c 0 ) and a frequency of expression ν = ( c 0 / λ ) 2 + ( c 0 / λ 0 ) 2 = γ ⋅ ν 0 = ( ν 0 / sin
Field-Theoretic Explanation of Wave-Particle Duality—Unification of Particle Locality and the Wave Nature of the Perturbation Field This paper provides a physical explanation of the most central puzzle in quantum mechanics—wave-particle duality—without relying on "probability-amplitude collapse" or "nonlocal entanglement." This theory divides all matter in the universe into Nie-matter entities (massive, Staticity) and Ji-matter entities (massless, Dynamicity), and maintains that quantum objects (electrons, neutrons, etc.) are always localized Nie-matter entity particles. Their "wave behavior" originates from the particle's local perturbation of the Ji-matter field that already fills space during motion—the perturbation propagates in the form of a wave, produces an interference field when passing through the double slits, and the interference field in turn guides the particle's landing position. The particle always passes through only one slit, while the field passes through both slits simultaneously; interference is the behavior of the field, not the behavior of the particle. This mechanism naturally explains double-slit interference, the coexistence of neutron collisions and wave behavior, the disturbance of interference fringes by observation devices, and the variation of interference contrast with source offset and slit spacing. This paper further gives three falsifiable predictions: P6-1 (a decisive distinction between device field-strength disturbance and which-path information disturbance), P6-2A (the disturbance effect varies continuously with field strength), and P6-2B (an argument for the explanatory power of double-slit interference contrast—naturally derived from one mechanism vs. jointly explained by four independent concepts). Compared with mainstream theory, this theory does not need "wavefunction collapse," does not need "nonlocality," and does not need "many worlds"—it only needs to acknowledge: particles are localized, the field fills space, and the motion of particles is guided by the local field gradient.
Through the work of Max Planck, Albert Einstein, Louis de Broglie, Arthur Compton, Niels Bohr, and many others, current scientific theory holds that all particles also have a wave nature (and vice versa).[1] This phenomenon has been verified not only for elementary particles, but also for compound particles like atoms and even molecules. For macroscopic particles, because of their extremely short wavelengths, wave properties usually cannot be detected.[2] Wave–particle duality is an ongoing conundrum in modern physics. Most physicists accept wave-particle duality as the best explanation for a broad range of observed phenomena; however, it is not without controversy.
The wave-particle duality is a fundamental property of the nature. At the same time, it is one of the greatest mysteries of modern physics. This gave rise to a whole direction in quantum physics - the interpretation of quantum mechanics. The Wiener experiments demonstrating the wave-particle duality of light are discussed. It is shown that almost all interpretations of quantum mechanics allow explaining the double-slit experiments, but are powerless to explain the Wiener experiments. The reason of the paradox, associated with the wave-particle duality is analyzed. The quantum theory consists of two independent parts: (i) the dynamic equations describing the behavior of a quantum object (for example, the Schrodinger or Maxwell equations), and (ii) the Born’s rule, the relation between the wave function and the probability of finding the particle at a given point. It is shown that precisely the Born’s rule results in paradox in explaining the wave-particle duality. In order to eliminate this paradox, we propose a new rational interpretation of the wave-particle duality and associated new rule, connecting the corpuscular and wave properties of quantum objects. It is shown that this new rational interpretation of the wave-particle duality allows using the classic images of particle and wave in explaining the quantum mechanical and optical phenomena, does not result in paradox in explaining the doubleslit experiments and Wiener experiments, and does not contradict to the modern quantum mechanical concepts. It is shown that the Born’s rule follows immediately from proposed new rules as an approximation.