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EPJ Quantum Technology

Soft-controlled quantum gate with enhanced robustness and undegraded dynamics in Rydberg atoms

Qiaolin Wu, Jun Xing, Hong-Da Yin

Published Jan 2, 2024• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Rydberg atoms have exhibited excellent potentials to become a competent platform of implementing quantum computation, which demands to execute various quantum gates fast and faithfully. We propose a dynamic mechanism of two interacting Rydberg atoms for implementing a high-fidelity SWAP gate on ground-state manifolds, where the amplitude modulation and soft quantum control of lasers driving ground-Rydberg state transitions are elaborately matched with the interaction strength between atoms so as to engineer the desired transformation of atomic states. Compared with the recent Rydberg-atom SWAP gate scheme, the present one possesses the undegraded first-order dynamics and shows an interference-induced suppression of the doubly-excited Rydberg state, so it costs shorter gate time and exhibits greater robustness against atomic decay and deviations in the interatomic separation (interaction strengths). The present mechanism of implementing a SWAP gate on interacting Rydberg atoms could facilitate high-fidelity demonstrations of atomic ground state transformation and further exploitation of peculiar dynamics.

DOI
10.1140/epjqt/s40507-023-00211-z

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Abstract Rydberg atoms have exhibited excellent potentials to become a competent platform of implementing quantum computation, which demands to execute various quantum gates fast and faithfully. We propose a dynamic mechanism of two interacting Rydberg atoms for implementing a high-fidelity SWAP gate on ground-state manifolds, where the amplitude modulation and soft quantum control of lasers driving ground-Rydberg state transitions are elaborately matched with the interaction strength between atoms so as to engineer the desired transformation of atomic states. Compared with the recent Rydberg-atom SWAP gate scheme, the present one possesses the undegraded first-order dynamics and shows an interference-induced suppression of the doubly-excited Rydberg state, so it costs shorter gate time and exhibits greater robustness against atomic decay and deviations in the interatomic separation (interaction strengths). The present mechanism of implementing a SWAP gate on interacting Rydberg atoms could facilitate high-fidelity demonstrations of atomic ground state transformation and further exploitation of peculiar dynamics.
A dynamics regime of Rydberg atoms, unselective ground-state blockade (UGSB), is proposed in the context of Rydberg antiblockade (RAB), where the evolution of two atoms is suppressed when they populate in an identical ground state. UGSB is used to implement a SWAP gate in one step without individual addressing of atoms. Aiming at circumventing common issues in RAB-based gates including atomic decay, Doppler dephasing, and fluctuations in the interatomic coupling strength, we modify the RAB condition to achieve a dynamical SWAP gate whose robustness is much greater than that of the nonadiabatic holonomic one in the conventional RAB regime. In addition, on the basis of the proposed SWAP gates, we further investigate the implementation of a three-atom Fredkin gate by combining Rydberg blockade and RAB. The present work may facilitate to implement the RAB-based gates of strongly coupled atoms in experiment.
With a resonant amplitude-modulation field on two Rydberg atoms, we propose a Rydberg antiblockade (RAB) regime, where the Rabi oscillation between collective ground and excited states is induced. A controlled-Z gate can be yielded through a Rabi cycle. Further, several common issues of the RAB gates are solved by modifying the parameter relation. The gate fidelity and gate robustness against the control error are enhanced with a shaped pulse. The requirement of control precision of the Rydberg-Rydberg interaction strength is relaxed. In addition, the atomic excitation is restrained and therefore the gate robustness against atomic decay is enhanced.
Fault-tolerant implementation of quantum gates is one of preconditions for realizing quantum computation. The platform of Rydberg atoms is one of the most promising candidates for achieving quantum computation. We propose to implement a controlled-ZZZ gate on Rydberg atoms where an amplitude-modulated field is employed to induce Rydberg antiblockade. Gate robustness against the fluctuations in the Rydberg-Rydberg interaction can be largely enhanced by adjusting amplitude-modulated field. Furthermore, we introduce a Landau-Zener-St\"uckelberg transition on the target atom so as to improve the gate resilience to the deviation in the gate time and the drift in the pulse amplitude. With feasible experimental parameters, one can achieve the gate with low fidelity errors caused by atomic decay, interatomic dipole-dipole force, and Doppler effects. Finally, we generalize the gate scheme into multiqubit cases, where resilient multiqubit phase gates can be obtained in one step with an unchanged gate time as the number of qubits increases.
Abstract Entangling gates are important for the generation of entanglement in quantum communicational and computational tasks. In this work, we propose an efficient protocol to realize the multi-qubit entangling gates with high fidelity in Rydberg atoms. Particularly, we apply the technique of soft quantum control to design the off-resonant pulses such that the atoms are driven to the ground-state subspace via unconventional Rydberg pumping. Thus, our scheme is insensitive to the decay effect as all atoms are only virtually excited. Moreover, Gaussian temporal modulation is further adopted to improve its robustness against the model uncertainty, such as operating time and environment noise. Finally, we perform numerical simulation to validate the effectiveness of our scheme. Hence, our work has potential applications in quantum information processing based on Rydberg atoms.
The advent of digital neutral-atom quantum computers relies on the development of fast and robust protocols for high-fidelity quantum operations. In this work, we introduce a novel scheme for entangling gates using four atomic levels per atom: a ground-state qubit and two Rydberg states. A laser field couples the qubit to one of the two Rydberg states, while a microwave field drives transitions between the two Rydberg states, enabling a resonant dipole-dipole interaction between different atoms. We show that controlled- Z gates can be realized in this scheme without requiring optical phase modulation and relying solely on a microwave field with time-dependent phase and amplitude. We demonstrate that such gates are faster and less sensitive to Rydberg decay than state-of-the-art Rydberg gates based on van der Waals interactions. Moreover, we systematically stabilize our protocol against interatomic distance fluctuations and analyze its performance in realistic setups with rubidium or cesium atoms. Our results open up new avenues to the use of microwave-driven dipolar interactions for quantum computation with neutral atoms.
Abstract In this paper, we propose a one-step scheme for generating a multiqubit controlled–controlled-Z (CCZ) gate based on Rydberg atoms where an amplitude-modulated field is employed to induce Rydberg antiblockade. The Rydberg atoms can form a Rabi oscillation between the ground state and the collective excited state effectively, so a one-step three-qubit CCZ gate can be easily achieved through a Rabi cycle. Numerical simulation results show that the scheme has a high fidelity and robustness against errors which are caused by parameter errors, intrinsic errors, and atomic decays. Therefore, we hope that this scheme will enable fast and robust quantum computing in the near future.