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arXiv:2107.09975 · Frontiers of Physics

Unselective ground-state blockade of Rydberg atoms for implementing quantum gates

Jin-Lei Wu, Yan Wang, Jin-Xuan Han, Shi-Lei Su, Yan Xia, Yongyuan Jiang, Jie Song

Published Aug 7, 2021• 25 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

A dynamics regime of Rydberg atoms, unselective ground-state blockade (UGSB), is proposed in the context of Rydberg antiblockade (RAB), where the evolution of two atoms is suppressed when they populate in an identical ground state. UGSB is used to implement a SWAP gate in one step without individual addressing of atoms. Aiming at circumventing common issues in RAB-based gates including atomic decay, Doppler dephasing, and fluctuations in the interatomic coupling strength, we modify the RAB condition to achieve a dynamical SWAP gate whose robustness is much greater than that of the nonadiabatic holonomic one in the conventional RAB regime. In addition, on the basis of the proposed SWAP gates, we further investigate the implementation of a three-atom Fredkin gate by combining Rydberg blockade and RAB. The present work may facilitate to implement the RAB-based gates of strongly coupled atoms in experiment.

DOI
10.1007/s11467-021-1104-7

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A dynamics regime of Rydberg atoms, unselective ground-state blockade (UGSB), is proposed in the context of Rydberg antiblockade (RAB), where the evolution of two atoms is suppressed when they populate in an identical ground state. UGSB is used to implement a SWAP gate in one step without individual addressing of atoms. Aiming at circumventing common issues in RAB-based gates including atomic decay, Doppler dephasing, and fluctuations in the interatomic coupling strength, we modify the RAB condition to achieve a dynamical SWAP gate whose robustness is much greater than that of the nonadiabatic holonomic one in the conventional RAB regime. In addition, on the basis of the proposed SWAP gates, we further investigate the implementation of a three-atom Fredkin gate by combining Rydberg blockade and RAB. The present work may facilitate to implement the RAB-based gates of strongly coupled atoms in experiment.
The prevalent fashion of executing Rydberg-mediated two- and multi-qubit quantum gates in neutral atomic systems is to pump Rydberg excitations using multistep piecewise pulses in the Rydberg blockade regime. Here, we propose to synthesize a Λ -type Rydberg antiblockade (RAB) of two neutral atoms using periodic fields, which facilitates one-step implementations of SWAP and controlled-SWAP (CSWAP) gates with the same gate time. Besides, the RAB condition is modified so as to circumvent the sensitivity of RAB-based gates to infidelity factors, including atomic decay, motional dephasing, and interatomic distance deviation. Our work makes up the absence of one-step schemes of Rydberg-mediated SWAP and CSWAP gates and may pave a way to enhance the robustness of RAB-based gates.
Abstract Rydberg atoms have exhibited excellent potentials to become a competent platform of implementing quantum computation, which demands to execute various quantum gates fast and faithfully. We propose a dynamic mechanism of two interacting Rydberg atoms for implementing a high-fidelity SWAP gate on ground-state manifolds, where the amplitude modulation and soft quantum control of lasers driving ground-Rydberg state transitions are elaborately matched with the interaction strength between atoms so as to engineer the desired transformation of atomic states. Compared with the recent Rydberg-atom SWAP gate scheme, the present one possesses the undegraded first-order dynamics and shows an interference-induced suppression of the doubly-excited Rydberg state, so it costs shorter gate time and exhibits greater robustness against atomic decay and deviations in the interatomic separation (interaction strengths). The present mechanism of implementing a SWAP gate on interacting Rydberg atoms could facilitate high-fidelity demonstrations of atomic ground state transformation and further exploitation of peculiar dynamics.
With a resonant amplitude-modulation field on two Rydberg atoms, we propose a Rydberg antiblockade (RAB) regime, where the Rabi oscillation between collective ground and excited states is induced. A controlled-Z gate can be yielded through a Rabi cycle. Further, several common issues of the RAB gates are solved by modifying the parameter relation. The gate fidelity and gate robustness against the control error are enhanced with a shaped pulse. The requirement of control precision of the Rydberg-Rydberg interaction strength is relaxed. In addition, the atomic excitation is restrained and therefore the gate robustness against atomic decay is enhanced.
Although the three-body Rydberg antiblockade regime (RABR) can produce Rabi oscillation between the Rydberg collective excited state and the collective ground state, it is still hard to use the RABR to construct the three-qubit quantum logic gate in one step since the effective Hamiltonian is always accompanied by undesired Stark shifts. In order to overcome this difficulty, an additional laser is introduced to eliminate the Stark shifts in the ground-state subspace. And the initial RABR condition is modified to eliminate the remaining undesired Stark shifts in the collective-excitation subspace. The modified RABR is then generalized to the n(n>3)n (n>3)n(n>3)-qubit case. Based on the proposed regime, one-step schemes to construct three- and nnn-qubit quantum controlled-PHASE gates are proposed without the requirement of atomic addressability. The asymmetric Rydberg-Rydberg interaction, which is more practical for Rydberg atoms, is also discussed and proven to be feasible for the modified RABR and quantum controlled-PHASE gate in theory. A full-Hamiltonian-based master equation is used to evaluate the performance and some experimental parameters are also considered.
Unlike the Rydberg blockade regime, the Rydberg antiblockade regime (RABR) allows more than one Rydberg atom to be excited, which can bring other interesting phenomena and applications. We propose an alternative scheme to quickly achieve the RABR. The proposed RABR can be implemented by adjusting the detuning of the classical driving field, which is, in turn, based on the former numbers of the excited Rydberg atoms. In contrast to the former schemes, the current one enables more than two atoms to be excited to Rydberg states in a short period of time and thus is useful for large-scale quantum information processing. The proposed RABR can be used to construct two- and multiqubit quantum logic gates. In addition, a Rydberg excitation superatom, which can decrease the blockade error and enlarge the blockade radius for Rydberg blockade-based schemes, is constructed based on the suggested RABR and used to realize a more robust quantum logic gate. The mechanical effect and the ionization are discussed, and the performance is investigated using the master-equation method. Finally, other possible applications of the present RABR are also given.
We propose several schemes for implementing a two-qubit quantum phase gate between two Rydberg atoms. The schemes could be realized in one step without adiabatic passage which depends on the specifical shapes and tailored pulse sequences of the laser fields. When the Rydberg-Rydberg-interaction (RRI) strength and the parameters of the driving fields satisfy some certain conditions, the effective Rabi oscillation between the two-excitation Rydberg state and the ground state would be generated, which is out of the Rydberg blockade regime and essential for our scheme. In addition, the individual addressing of the atoms is not required. And the schemes can work under strong or weak RRI strength. The imperfections induced by the variation of RRI strength and spontaneous emission are discussed through solving the master equation numerically.