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Institute of Physics eBooks

Atoms in modulated evanescent wave fields

Farhan Saif, Shinichi Watanabe

Published Dec 1, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Chapter 12 describes atomic dynamics in amplitude-modulated evanescent fields making an atomic modulated trampoline under the action of gravitational potential. In the chapter we explain the quantum recurrences in various modulation regimes, acceleration and dynamical localization, leading to the important topic of nondispersive and accelerated atomic wave packets. Light force in macroscopic systems is useful for the development of quantum devices and sensors at macroscopic scales.

DOI
10.1088/978-0-7503-2308-6ch12

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Chapter 12 describes atomic dynamics in amplitude-modulated evanescent fields making an atomic modulated trampoline under the action of gravitational potential. In the chapter we explain the quantum recurrences in various modulation regimes, acceleration and dynamical localization, leading to the important topic of nondispersive and accelerated atomic wave packets. Light force in macroscopic systems is useful for the development of quantum devices and sensors at macroscopic scales.
Atom-optics experiments are presented using a time-modulated evanescent light wave as an atomic mirror in the trampoline configuration, i.e., perpendicular to the direction of the atomic free fall. This modulated mirror is used to accelerate cesium atoms, to focus their trajectories, and to apply a ``multiple lens'' to separately focus different velocity classes of atoms originating from a point source. We form images of a simple two-slit object to show the resolution of the device. The experiments are modelled by a general treatment analogous to classical ray optics. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
This dissertation covers the field of atom optics and is divided into four main chapters: In Chapter 2 we investigate the effects of light forces on the center-of-mass motion of two-level atoms. This will lead to the discussion of two regimes: the "ray optic" and the "wave optic" regime. In the first case, an atom is well localized in the field which allows a comparison to be made with classical ray optics. In the second case, the atom is strongly delocalized which leads to a wave treatment and allows a comparison with diffractive optics. We finish this chapter with an example in each regime: Doppler cooling for ray optics and an atomic Fabry-Perot for wave optics. In Chapter 3 we extend the results of the previous chapter to the diffraction of atoms by a standing light field. We cover three regimes in the near resonant Kapitza-Dirac effect: the Raman-Nath, the Bragg and the optical Stern-Gerlach regime. In the Raman-Nath and Bragg regimes, the wave-packet is strongly delocalized compared to the period of the standing wave. In contrast, the Stern-Gerlach regime has a small spatial extent. The Raman-Nath and Bragg regimes are differentiated in their treatment of the kinetic energy. Initially we only discuss coherent interactions. In the later half of this chapter we introduce spontaneous emission and show how its presence affects the diffraction pattern in each of these regimes. In Chapter 4 we cover various atomic cooling schemes: strong field Sisyphus cooling, adiabatic cooling, evaporative cooling, polarization gradient cooling and velocity selective coherent population trapping. We begin with a brief discussion of atomic temperature. We then cover two cooling schemes for two-level atoms. We eventually move to multi-level atoms and end this chapter with a two-atom multi-level system. In Chapter 5 we conclude with a brief discussion of practical uses and devices that may arise from atom optics such as lenses, mirrors, gravitational interferometry, lithography and atomic clocks.