In chapter 7, we explain optical forcing due to evanescent optical fields on ultra-cold atoms, which has led to the development of atom interferometers and cavities based on atomic mirrors and nano-optical fibers. We explain atom surface traps, wave packet collapse and revival phenomena.
Coherent control of matter waves using mechanical action of an electromagnetic field displays quantum duality at work. Deflecting, focussing and trapping the matter wave or de Broglie wave using optical fields lead us to develop tools to manipulate the matter waves. The emerging field provides a playground to study the newer effects of quantum coherence and quantum interference. The expansion of this area in the last three decades has enabled us to store atoms and cool them to temperatures as low as micro kelvin scale and beyond, leading to experimental realization of Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) and of Fermi degeneracy in ultra-cold. With a focus on graduate students and young researchers, this book discusses the topics that lay the foundation stones of interaction of ultra-cold atoms with optical potentials. Key features • Developed keeping in view latest experimental advancements. • Puts light on newer theoretical advancement. • Explains the text though definitions, and useful diagrams. • Provides necessary examples and problems for the students. • Simple in language, slender, and not voluminous.
We have designed a gravitational cavity for ultra-cold atoms using an atomic mirror made from an evanescent laser wave.By a temporal variation of the evanescent wave intensity, we have realized various atom optics components such as temporal slits and phase modulators.We have also designed an atom interferometer using this cavity which proves that the coherence of the de Broglie waves can be preserved during the bounce of the atoms on the mirror.Finally we show that an efficient cooling of the atoms inside the cavity can be achieved using a Sisyphus process during the bounce.