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IEEE Transactions on Communications

Information Theoretic Study of Friendly Jammer Abating an Eavesdropper in FSO Communication

Isha Chauhan, Manav R. Bhatnagar

Published Dec 12, 2023• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This work is concerned with the physical layer security of the free space optical (FSO) communication network comprising of a transmitter, a receiver, an eavesdropper (Eve), and a friendly reactive jammer that aims to thwart the activity of the Eve. As the key feature of this work, we calculate the discrete-input-continuous-output for memory-less channel (DCMC) capacity of the authentic and eavesdropping channel in the presence of the atmospheric turbulence characterised by$\alpha -\mu $probability density function (PDF), zero and non-zero boresight pointing error, and partial band or broadband jamming noise. For this purpose, novel PDFs for all-encompassing conditions of FSO channel and the received signals at different nodes of the considered system are formulated. Thereafter, we devise schemes to wane the effect of a vicious Eve by formulating novel closed-form expressions of average secrecy capacity for both strategies. Our derived analytical expressions can be used as tools to examine the DCMC capacity and secrecy capacity for different turbulence regimes of FSO link, severity of boresight errors, and activity of a friendly jammer. The mathematical results are affirmed by Monte-Carlo simulation. We exhibit that deploying a friendly jammer to assist enhancing the security of an FSO system is very conducive as it makes the Eve to hike its signal-to-jamming-noise ratio by almost 10 dB when the jammer’s activity increases from 10% to 100% of the time frame of data transmission.

DOI
10.1109/tcomm.2023.3341912

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This work is concerned with the physical layer security of the free space optical (FSO) communication network comprising of a transmitter, a receiver, an eavesdropper (Eve), and a friendly reactive jammer that aims to thwart the activity of the Eve. As the key feature of this work, we calculate the discrete-input-continuous-output for memory-less channel (DCMC) capacity of the authentic and eavesdropping channel in the presence of the atmospheric turbulence characterised byα−μ\alpha -\mu α−μprobability density function (PDF), zero and non-zero boresight pointing error, and partial band or broadband jamming noise. For this purpose, novel PDFs for all-encompassing conditions of FSO channel and the received signals at different nodes of the considered system are formulated. Thereafter, we devise schemes to wane the effect of a vicious Eve by formulating novel closed-form expressions of average secrecy capacity for both strategies. Our derived analytical expressions can be used as tools to examine the DCMC capacity and secrecy capacity for different turbulence regimes of FSO link, severity of boresight errors, and activity of a friendly jammer. The mathematical results are affirmed by Monte-Carlo simulation. We exhibit that deploying a friendly jammer to assist enhancing the security of an FSO system is very conducive as it makes the Eve to hike its signal-to-jamming-noise ratio by almost 10 dB when the jammer’s activity increases from 10% to 100% of the time frame of data transmission.
Free space optical (FSO) channel provides a significantly large transmission capacity. However, in the presence of random jamming attacks, the efficacy of FSO communication channel can be affected critically. In this paper, the discrete-input continuous-output memoryless channel (DCMC) capacity of a single-input single-output FSO communication system is investigated under the random jamming effects. The ergodic channel capacity analysis is performed over additive non-Gaussian noise channel (jamming noise channel). The derived closed-form expression of DCMC capacity for the considered FSO system and also, the effects of partial-band jamming and broadband jamming over the FSO channel capacity are verified through simulation results. It is observed that the FSO channel capacity is very sensitive to the degree of jamming and the ergodic channel capacity alters crucially even for small change in jamming probability. The derived results are utilized to study the considered network in the presence of a rational jammer whose ability to jam is limited by its battery capacity. The presence of a rational jammer is addressed by modelling the interaction between the FSO transmitter and the jammer as a non-cooperative game. The closed-form expressions of the equilibrium of the proposed game are derived and verified through simulation. The game-theoretic solution provides a performance improvement of 74% in comparison to uniform power allocation.
In this paper, we numerically study the secrecy performance of the free-space optical (FSO) system by considering different eavesdropping scenarios. More precisely, we considered three possible eavesdropping scenarios for Eve : 1) Eve is between Alice and Bob ; 2) Eve and Bob are in the same receiving plane; 3) Eve is behind Bob . We adopt the Málaga ( M )-distribution channel to model atmospheric turbulence due to the presence of link blockage while considering the non-zero boresight pointing error and path loss. To do so, we obtain a novel probability density function (PDF) and cumulative distribution function (CDF) under different eavesdropping scenarios, based on which we derived the secrecy outage probability (SOP) analytical expressions as well as their asymptotic expressions at a high SNR regime. We verified the results using Monte Carlo simulations, which showed that the parameters related to atmospheric turbulence and pointing errors, as well as the location of the eavesdropper, have different effects on different eavesdropping scenarios.
The use of free-space optical (FSO) systems as secure transmission media has recently attracted research efforts worldwide. However, their secrecy performance may be compromised by the presence of an adversarial eavesdropper. In addition, misalignments between transceivers could severely affect the legitimate FSO channel and increase eavesdropping risks. This paper, for the first time, offers a complete framework to analyze the impact of an eavesdropper's location on the secrecy performance of terrestrial FSO systems under generalized misalignments and atmospheric turbulence conditions. Particularly, the probability density functions (PDFs) of the eavesdropping channel are newly developed and presented in closed-form expressions. Capitalizing on the derived PDFs, secrecy performance metrics in the physical-layer security (PLS) and intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) systems can be analytically analyzed, incorporating all combined effects of the atmospheric turbulence, transceiver misalignments, receiver noises, and the eavesdropper's location. Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations are also implemented to corroborate the analytical results.
Today, free-space optical (FSO) communication in the presence of an eavesdropper is considered as an important topic in the current literature. In this paper, security issues are investigated for FSO wiretap channels. Novel closed-form solutions, both approximate and asymptotic, for the average secrecy capacity (ASC) are derived over gamma-gamma (GG) atmospheric turbulence channels with pointing errors. As a significant aspect, misalignment errors at the eavesdropper's receiver follow the Rice distribution in order to take into consideration the spacing between the legitimate receiver and the eavesdropper's receiver, which is modeled as a nonzero boresight displacement. It is concluded that a greater normalized beam width is required to reduce the loss produced by such attacks in the high signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) regime. Analytical results are further verified by Monte Carlo simulation results.
In this paper, the secrecy performance of the physical layer security (PLS) of the hybrid free-space optical/radio frequency (FSO/RF) communication system is analyzed. The transmission protocol of the considered system is performed under the eavesdropper's attempt to overhear the RF link between the transmitter and legitimate receiver of the hybrid system. The FSO link is characterized by Málaga-M distribution while the RF links are modeled by Nakagami-m distribution. The two practical eavesdropping modes considered in this paper include: colluding and non-colluding. Exact closed-form expressions for the system's secrecy outage probability (SOP), the asymptotic of the SOP (SOP∞), the probability of strictly positive secrecy capacity (SPSC), the average secrecy capacity (ASC), and the asymptotic of the ASC (ASC∞), are specifically derived under the influence of both eavesdropper modes. Our derived analytical expressions present an efficient tool to investigate the impact of some channel parameters on the secrecy performance, namely the fading severity of the RF links, atmospheric turbulence severity, pointing error of the FSO link, number of eavesdroppers, and the power of the eavesdropper links. The results show that the increase of the eavesdroppers' number under both modes profoundly degrades the considered system secrecy performance. The accuracy of the numerical results obtained is validated by Monte-Carlo simulations.
With the continued development of optical wireless communications, the security performance of free space optical (FSO) communications is the most crucial aspect that should receive significant attention. Despite the fact that FSO communications are considered more secure than radio frequency systems, their link performance degrades due to some environmental factors such as atmospheric turbulence, fog, and non-zero boresight pointing errors. The combined effect of these factors on the secrecy performance of FSO communication systems over the generalized Malaga- M fading channel is investigated in this paper. This work assumes a more realistic eavesdropping scenario in which both legitimate and unauthorized receivers are located on the same receiving plane. Secrecy outage probability and strictly positive secrecy capacity are expressed in exact closed-form expressions in this work. The results show that the FSO system has acceptable secrecy performance in moderate and light fog, with potential reach distances ranging from hundreds of meters to a few kilometers. Monte-Carlo simulations are used to verify the numerical results.