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Frontiers in Optics

Control of Spectral Properties in 1D Defective Photonic Crystals by Doping with Two-Level Atoms

Nancy Ghangas, Shubhrangshu Dasgupta

Published Jan 1, 2023• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We investigated the spectral properties in one dimensional defective photonic crystals by doping defect layer with the two-level atoms and observed the switching of near-complete reflection to zero in the critical coupling regime.
DOI
10.1364/fio.2023.jm7a.74

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Abstract In this paper, we examine the transmission of a probe field through a one dimensional photonic crystal (1DPC) when the sixth layer of the crystal is doped with four level atoms. We analyze effects of the external driving field on the passage of weak probe field across the photonic crystal. It is found that for the phase time delay of the probe photons, intensity of the driving field switches the Hartman effect from sub to superluminal character. It is interesting to note that in our model, the superluminal transmission of the probe pulse is accompanied by a negligibly small absorption of the incident beam. It ensures that the probe field does not attenuate while passing through the photonic crystal. A similar switching of the Hartman effect may be obtained by adjusting detuning of the probe field related to the excited states of the four-level doping atoms .
We study the transmission spectra of a one-dimensional photonic crystal with a defect containing a four-level atomic medium that exhibits a greatly enhanced third-order susceptibility while having a vanishing linear susceptibility dependent on the electromagnetically induced transparency. Two ways of controlling the transmission of a photonic crystal are discussed: via absorption, i.e., nonlinear (two-photon) absorption of the probe field enhanced by constructive quantum interference, and via dispersion, which comes down to shifting the resonance frequency of the defect mode for the probe field by varying the refractive index based on the giant Kerr nonlinearity (cross-phase modulation). We demonstrate that such systems enable nonlinear all-optical switching at ultralow intensities of the coupling and switching laser fields.