Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Hartman effect in a doped one-dimensional photonic crystal at normal and oblique incidences

Mostafa Sahrai, Roghayeh Aghaei, Hamed Sattari, Jafar Poursamad Bonab

Published Apr 8, 2015• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The Hartman effect in a one-dimensional photonic crystal containing a defect layer doped by three-level ladder-type atoms is theoretically investigated for normal and oblique incidences. The influence of the relative phase of applied fields and the intensity of the coupling field on the Hartman effect is then discussed. We find that the Hartman effect can be switched from positive to negative (or vice versa) by adjusting the relative phase of applied fields and the intensity of the coupling field and by choosing the proper incident angle.

DOI
10.1364/josab.32.000751

Related papers

Phase time delay and Hartman effect in a one-dimensional photonic crystal with four-level atomic defect layer

Rabia Jamil, Abu Bakar Ali, Muqaddar Abbas +2 more

The Hartman effect is revisited using a Gaussian beam incident on a one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPC) having a defect layer doped with four-level atoms. It is considered that each atom of the defect layer interacts with three driving fields, whereas a Gaussian beam of width w is used as a probe light to study Hartman effect. The atom–field interaction inside the defect layer exhibits electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The 1DPC acts as positive index material (PIM) and negative index material (NIM) corresponding to the normal and anomalous dispersion of the defect layer, respectively, via control of the phase associated with the driving fields and probe detuning. The positive and negative Hartman effects are noticed for PIM and NIM, respectively, via control of the relative phase corresponding to the driving fields and probe detuning. The advantage of using four-level EIT system is that a much smaller absorption of the transmitted beam occurs as compared to three-level EIT system corresponding to the anomalous dispersion, leading to negative Hartman effect.

Journal of Modern Optics•Feb 28, 2017•4 citations

Coherent Control of the Hartman Effect through a Photonic Crystal with Four-Level Defect Layer*

Feng-Lian Hu, Fazal Badshah, Abdul Basit +3 more

Abstract In this paper, we examine the transmission of a probe field through a one dimensional photonic crystal (1DPC) when the sixth layer of the crystal is doped with four level atoms. We analyze effects of the external driving field on the passage of weak probe field across the photonic crystal. It is found that for the phase time delay of the probe photons, intensity of the driving field switches the Hartman effect from sub to superluminal character. It is interesting to note that in our model, the superluminal transmission of the probe pulse is accompanied by a negligibly small absorption of the incident beam. It ensures that the probe field does not attenuate while passing through the photonic crystal. A similar switching of the Hartman effect may be obtained by adjusting detuning of the probe field related to the excited states of the four-level doping atoms .

Communications in Theoretical Physics•Nov 1, 2018•4 citations

Controllable Hartman effect by vortex beam in a one dimensional photonic crystal doped by graphene quantum dots

Saeideh Kevin, Mostafa Sahrai, Seyyed Hossein Asadpour

The Hartman effect is studied in a one dimensional photonic crystal doped with graphene quantum dots. It is shown that the Hartman effect can be switched from negative to positive by increasing the Rabi-frequency of the controlling field and also by manipulating the relative phase of the applied fields. The effect of the vortex beam on the Hartman effect is also presented. We show that the orbital angular momentum (OAM) and the azimuthal phase of the vortex beam do not affect the probe filed transmission while they change the Hartman effect from positive to negative.

Scientific Reports•Feb 20, 2023•12 citations

Phase time delay caused by quantum effects in nearby plasmonic nanostructures of a one-dimensional photonic crystal

Fazal Badshah, Rahmatullah Rahmatullah, Muhammad Zain Yousaf +3 more

Abstract A one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPC) incorporated with a defect layer containing a four-level double V-type quantum system adjacent to a plasmonic nanostructure is employed to investigate the Hartman effect. The study involves the interaction of two orthogonal circularly polarized laser beams with the defect layer, possessing identical frequencies but vary in phase and electric field amplitude. The defect layer exhibits quantum system adjacent to plasmonic nanostructure and field interaction phenomena like optical transparency, nonzero dispersion with zero absorption, gain without inversion, and others related effects. By manipulating the phase of the driving fields and probe detuning, the 1DPC can function as either a positive index material (PIM) or a negative index material (NIM), correlating to the normal and anomalous dispersion of the defect layer, respectively. The positive and negative Hartman effects for PIM and NIM, respectively, can be observed by adjusting the relative phase with respect to the driving fields. Our suggested approach might be used in optical memory, all-optical switching, all-optical routing, and interferometry.

Physica Scripta•Oct 4, 2023•1 citation

Switching from normal to anomalous dispersion in photonic crystal with Raman gain defect

Vasily G. Arkhipkin, S. A. Myslivets

Propagation of a light through a one-dimensional photonic crystal containing a defect layer doped with a Raman gain medium is discussed. We demonstrate all-optically controlled switching from normal to anomalous dispersion in such a structure. A group delay for the transmitted probe (Raman) pulse is investigated. We show that the group velocity of a Raman pulse can be tuned from subluminal to superluminal by varying the intensity of the pump field.

Optics Letters•Mar 19, 2014•9 citations

Hartman effect in one-dimensional photonic crystal doped by Λ-type three-level atoms

Mostafa Sahrai, B. Esfahlani

Physica E Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures•Oct 30, 2012•9 citations
The Hartman effect in a one-dimensional photonic crystal containing a defect layer doped by three-level ladder-type atoms is theoretically investigated for normal and oblique incidences. The influence of the relative phase of applied fields and the intensity of the coupling field on the Hartman effect is then discussed. We find that the Hartman effect can be switched from positive to negative (or vice versa) by adjusting the relative phase of applied fields and the intensity of the coupling field and by choosing the proper incident angle.
The Hartman effect is revisited using a Gaussian beam incident on a one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPC) having a defect layer doped with four-level atoms. It is considered that each atom of the defect layer interacts with three driving fields, whereas a Gaussian beam of width w is used as a probe light to study Hartman effect. The atom–field interaction inside the defect layer exhibits electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The 1DPC acts as positive index material (PIM) and negative index material (NIM) corresponding to the normal and anomalous dispersion of the defect layer, respectively, via control of the phase associated with the driving fields and probe detuning. The positive and negative Hartman effects are noticed for PIM and NIM, respectively, via control of the relative phase corresponding to the driving fields and probe detuning. The advantage of using four-level EIT system is that a much smaller absorption of the transmitted beam occurs as compared to three-level EIT system corresponding to the anomalous dispersion, leading to negative Hartman effect.
Abstract In this paper, we examine the transmission of a probe field through a one dimensional photonic crystal (1DPC) when the sixth layer of the crystal is doped with four level atoms. We analyze effects of the external driving field on the passage of weak probe field across the photonic crystal. It is found that for the phase time delay of the probe photons, intensity of the driving field switches the Hartman effect from sub to superluminal character. It is interesting to note that in our model, the superluminal transmission of the probe pulse is accompanied by a negligibly small absorption of the incident beam. It ensures that the probe field does not attenuate while passing through the photonic crystal. A similar switching of the Hartman effect may be obtained by adjusting detuning of the probe field related to the excited states of the four-level doping atoms .
The Hartman effect is studied in a one dimensional photonic crystal doped with graphene quantum dots. It is shown that the Hartman effect can be switched from negative to positive by increasing the Rabi-frequency of the controlling field and also by manipulating the relative phase of the applied fields. The effect of the vortex beam on the Hartman effect is also presented. We show that the orbital angular momentum (OAM) and the azimuthal phase of the vortex beam do not affect the probe filed transmission while they change the Hartman effect from positive to negative.
Abstract A one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPC) incorporated with a defect layer containing a four-level double V-type quantum system adjacent to a plasmonic nanostructure is employed to investigate the Hartman effect. The study involves the interaction of two orthogonal circularly polarized laser beams with the defect layer, possessing identical frequencies but vary in phase and electric field amplitude. The defect layer exhibits quantum system adjacent to plasmonic nanostructure and field interaction phenomena like optical transparency, nonzero dispersion with zero absorption, gain without inversion, and others related effects. By manipulating the phase of the driving fields and probe detuning, the 1DPC can function as either a positive index material (PIM) or a negative index material (NIM), correlating to the normal and anomalous dispersion of the defect layer, respectively. The positive and negative Hartman effects for PIM and NIM, respectively, can be observed by adjusting the relative phase with respect to the driving fields. Our suggested approach might be used in optical memory, all-optical switching, all-optical routing, and interferometry.