Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Cascaded sum frequency generation of ultraviolet laser radiation at 228 nm based on stimulated Raman adiabatic passage

Yintong Jin, Zhen Chen, Jialiang Zhang, Changshui Chen

Published Nov 14, 2023• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A cascaded sum frequency generation (SFG) conversion scheme based on the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) technique is proposed for generating an ultraviolet laser radiation at 228 nm. The conversion involves two simultaneous SFG processes, in which the signal laser radiation is converted to ultraviolet laser radiation through a negligible intermediate laser radiation. Dark state expressions and adiabatic conditions are given. Numerical simulations demonstrate the efficient conversion processes in a nonlinear LaBGeO 5 (LBGO) crystal, and the effects of the coupling modulation function, pump laser intensity, and temperature on the quantum conversion efficiency are investigated. Tunable output of ultraviolet laser radiation in the 210–250 nm range is achieved by varying the signal or pump laser radiation wavelength while maintaining other input parameters. The large amount of optical data obtained in this work will contribute to the generation of deep ultraviolet laser sources based on nonlinear cascaded frequency conversion.

DOI
10.1364/josab.506363

Related papers

Cascaded frequency conversion under nonlinear stimulated Raman adiabatic passage

Pragati Aashna, Krishnan Thyagarajan

A comprehensive study of two simultaneous three wave mixing processes, a second harmonic generation followed by difference frequency generation, under nonlinear stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) is presented. An input pump is up-converted to its second harmonic, which then gets down-converted to a signal and idler pair with frequencies lying very close to the input pump in such a manner that complete conversion from the pump to the signal and idler takes place without exciting the second harmonic under counterintuitive adiabatic passage. This process involves nonlinear STIRAP with a nonlinear dark state similar to atomic population transfers, and we bring an analogy from atomic systems to our nonlinear dynamics to linearize the problem and analytically obtain the adiabaticity condition required for complete conversion. We also show that the nonlinear STIRAP mechanism results in a large bandwidth of about 380 nm with almost complete conversion of the pump to the signal and idler.

Optics Letters•Feb 19, 2021•10 citations

Fourth-order three-process cascaded frequency conversion based on fractional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage

Zhaocong Liang, Xing Ping Sun, Mingjie Lin +2 more

Abstract In recent years, a series of adiabatic passage techniques for atomic systems have been introduced into the field of nonlinear optics. We propose a theoretical model of the fourth-order three-process cascaded frequency conversion technique based on fractional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (FSTIRAP). Building upon the STIRAP technique, the FSTIRAP technique splits the original third pump laser into two separate pump lasers, each subjected to Gaussian modulation. This achieves the simultaneous output of the first idler laser and the second idler laser with tunable output ratios at the end of the crystal, while ensuring the complete conversion of the signal laser. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that the FSTIRAP technique enables highly efficient frequency conversion, with the total conversion efficiency showing robustness across a wide range of pump laser intensities, coupling delay parameters, and crystal temperatures. Additionally, the output ratio of the first idler laser to the second idler laser can be controlled by independently tuning the delay parameter or the crystal temperature.

Journal of Physics D Applied Physics•Apr 10, 2025•0 citations

Cascaded frequency conversion based on C-STIRSAP CD-driving technique

Zhen Chen, Zhaocong Liang, Hongzhang Chen +1 more

Abstract Nonlinear optical frequency conversion techniques enable the generation of new laser frequencies that are not directly accessible from laser sources. Lasers at different frequencies have distinct applications across various fields, including fiber-optic communication, medical imaging, material processing, display panel manufacturing, and biomolecular detection. We propose a theoretical model for four-process cascaded frequency conversion based on the chainwise stimulated Raman shortcut-to-adiabatic passage (C-STIRSAP) counter-diabatic (CD) driving technique. The model modifies the coupling functions of the chainwise stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (C-STIRAP) scheme by using the shortcuts to adiabaticity (STA) CD-driving method. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that the C-STIRSAP CD-driving technique allows efficient four-process frequency conversion over a wide range of delay and width parameters. Furthermore, it enhances the robustness of the process against variations in temperature and signal wavelength.

Chinese Physics B•May 20, 2026•0 citations

Adiabatically driven frequency conversion towards short extreme-ultraviolet radiation pulses

Shrabana Chakrabarti, Holger Münch, Thomas Halfmann

We present an experimental demonstration of sum-frequency generation toward tunable picosecond, broadband radiation pulses in the extreme-ultraviolet regime, supported by adiabatically prepared atomic coherences. We drive a two-photon transition in a dense medium of xenon atoms with a long (nanosecond) pump laser pulse at the Fourier-transform-limited bandwidth and with a wavelength of 225 nm. The frequency of the pump pulse is slightly detuned from exact two-photon resonance. In this configuration, the medium is adiabatically driven by a process of coherent population return. The adiabatic passage process generates a maximal coherent superposition of two quantum states with large energy spacing. An additional, short (picosecond) probe laser pulse at a wavelength of 540 nm beats with the maximal atomic coherence and generates a short (picosecond) signal radiation pulse at 93 nm. As compared to conventional (diabatic) frequency conversion, the adiabatically driven maximal atomic coherence yields enhanced conversion efficiency and significantly enhanced stability.

Physical Review A•Dec 14, 2010•12 citations

Cascaded frequency conversion based on stimulated Raman shortcuts-to-adiabatic passage

Yuewei Xiao, Weixian Yu, Mingjie Lin +3 more

Abstract Cascaded frequency conversion is widely used to generate laser radiation at various wavelengths. Adiabatic schemes have been introduced into this field. In this paper, we propose a counter-diabatic driving scheme based on stimulated Raman shortcuts-to-adiabatic passage (STIRSAP), which does not rely on the mixing-angle approximation and remains effective even under phase mismatch conditions. Numerical simulations indicate that the proposed scheme maintains high conversion efficiency over a substantially broader parameter range than the conventional STIRSAP scheme.

Physica Scripta•Aug 14, 2026•0 citations

Three-process cascaded frequency conversion based on Stark-chirped rapid adiabatic passage

Tengfei Wang, Ting Wan, Wenhui Zhou +1 more

In the field of nonlinear frequency conversion, the cascaded frequency conversion scheme is an effective means to obtain new wavelengths. In this paper, we demonstrate efficient frequency conversion through three cascaded three-wave mixing processes based on Stark-chirped rapid adiabatic passage, which are different from previous cascaded wavelength conversion processes based on stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. Further, by analyzing the relevant parameters in the three-process cascaded frequency conversion models we have established, we find that the new scheme increases the conversion range and has lower restrictions on the conversion conditions while maintaining extremely low intermediate frequency intensity. These advantages allow our work to be applied to the acquisition of a mid-infrared or visible laser.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Jun 28, 2019•10 citations
A cascaded sum frequency generation (SFG) conversion scheme based on the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) technique is proposed for generating an ultraviolet laser radiation at 228 nm. The conversion involves two simultaneous SFG processes, in which the signal laser radiation is converted to ultraviolet laser radiation through a negligible intermediate laser radiation. Dark state expressions and adiabatic conditions are given. Numerical simulations demonstrate the efficient conversion processes in a nonlinear LaBGeO 5 (LBGO) crystal, and the effects of the coupling modulation function, pump laser intensity, and temperature on the quantum conversion efficiency are investigated. Tunable output of ultraviolet laser radiation in the 210–250 nm range is achieved by varying the signal or pump laser radiation wavelength while maintaining other input parameters. The large amount of optical data obtained in this work will contribute to the generation of deep ultraviolet laser sources based on nonlinear cascaded frequency conversion.
A comprehensive study of two simultaneous three wave mixing processes, a second harmonic generation followed by difference frequency generation, under nonlinear stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) is presented. An input pump is up-converted to its second harmonic, which then gets down-converted to a signal and idler pair with frequencies lying very close to the input pump in such a manner that complete conversion from the pump to the signal and idler takes place without exciting the second harmonic under counterintuitive adiabatic passage. This process involves nonlinear STIRAP with a nonlinear dark state similar to atomic population transfers, and we bring an analogy from atomic systems to our nonlinear dynamics to linearize the problem and analytically obtain the adiabaticity condition required for complete conversion. We also show that the nonlinear STIRAP mechanism results in a large bandwidth of about 380 nm with almost complete conversion of the pump to the signal and idler.
Abstract In recent years, a series of adiabatic passage techniques for atomic systems have been introduced into the field of nonlinear optics. We propose a theoretical model of the fourth-order three-process cascaded frequency conversion technique based on fractional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (FSTIRAP). Building upon the STIRAP technique, the FSTIRAP technique splits the original third pump laser into two separate pump lasers, each subjected to Gaussian modulation. This achieves the simultaneous output of the first idler laser and the second idler laser with tunable output ratios at the end of the crystal, while ensuring the complete conversion of the signal laser. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that the FSTIRAP technique enables highly efficient frequency conversion, with the total conversion efficiency showing robustness across a wide range of pump laser intensities, coupling delay parameters, and crystal temperatures. Additionally, the output ratio of the first idler laser to the second idler laser can be controlled by independently tuning the delay parameter or the crystal temperature.
Abstract Nonlinear optical frequency conversion techniques enable the generation of new laser frequencies that are not directly accessible from laser sources. Lasers at different frequencies have distinct applications across various fields, including fiber-optic communication, medical imaging, material processing, display panel manufacturing, and biomolecular detection. We propose a theoretical model for four-process cascaded frequency conversion based on the chainwise stimulated Raman shortcut-to-adiabatic passage (C-STIRSAP) counter-diabatic (CD) driving technique. The model modifies the coupling functions of the chainwise stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (C-STIRAP) scheme by using the shortcuts to adiabaticity (STA) CD-driving method. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that the C-STIRSAP CD-driving technique allows efficient four-process frequency conversion over a wide range of delay and width parameters. Furthermore, it enhances the robustness of the process against variations in temperature and signal wavelength.
We present an experimental demonstration of sum-frequency generation toward tunable picosecond, broadband radiation pulses in the extreme-ultraviolet regime, supported by adiabatically prepared atomic coherences. We drive a two-photon transition in a dense medium of xenon atoms with a long (nanosecond) pump laser pulse at the Fourier-transform-limited bandwidth and with a wavelength of 225 nm. The frequency of the pump pulse is slightly detuned from exact two-photon resonance. In this configuration, the medium is adiabatically driven by a process of coherent population return. The adiabatic passage process generates a maximal coherent superposition of two quantum states with large energy spacing. An additional, short (picosecond) probe laser pulse at a wavelength of 540 nm beats with the maximal atomic coherence and generates a short (picosecond) signal radiation pulse at 93 nm. As compared to conventional (diabatic) frequency conversion, the adiabatically driven maximal atomic coherence yields enhanced conversion efficiency and significantly enhanced stability.
Abstract Cascaded frequency conversion is widely used to generate laser radiation at various wavelengths. Adiabatic schemes have been introduced into this field. In this paper, we propose a counter-diabatic driving scheme based on stimulated Raman shortcuts-to-adiabatic passage (STIRSAP), which does not rely on the mixing-angle approximation and remains effective even under phase mismatch conditions. Numerical simulations indicate that the proposed scheme maintains high conversion efficiency over a substantially broader parameter range than the conventional STIRSAP scheme.
In the field of nonlinear frequency conversion, the cascaded frequency conversion scheme is an effective means to obtain new wavelengths. In this paper, we demonstrate efficient frequency conversion through three cascaded three-wave mixing processes based on Stark-chirped rapid adiabatic passage, which are different from previous cascaded wavelength conversion processes based on stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. Further, by analyzing the relevant parameters in the three-process cascaded frequency conversion models we have established, we find that the new scheme increases the conversion range and has lower restrictions on the conversion conditions while maintaining extremely low intermediate frequency intensity. These advantages allow our work to be applied to the acquisition of a mid-infrared or visible laser.