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ICST Transactions on Scalable Information Systems

Adoption of Quantum Computing in Economic Analysis: Potential and Challenges in Distributed Information Systems

Tuti Dharmawati, Loso Judijanto, Endang Fatmawati, Abdul Rokhim, Faria Ruhana, Moh. Erkamim

Published Nov 13, 2023• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Quantum computing technology has become a center of attention in various scientific disciplines, including economic analysis. The adoption of quantum computing in economic analysis offers tremendous potential to improve the processing of complex economic data and provide deep insights. However, the use of quantum technology in the context of distributed information systems also raises several challenges, including data security and the limitations of quantum technology. OBJECTIVE: This research aims to investigate the implications of adopting quantum computing in economic analysis, with a focus on distributed information systems. METHODS: This research was carried out using a descriptive qualitative approach, with data derived from the results of relevant research and previous studies. The collected data will be processed and analyzed to gain a deeper understanding of the adoption of quantum computing in economic analysis in distributed information systems. RESULTS: This research then finds that the adoption of quantum computing in economic analysis has the potential to increase efficiency, accuracy, and depth of economic insight. However, limitations of current quantum technologies, including quantum errors, limited scale of operations, and data security issues, limit their applications. In the long term, research and development will be key to overcoming these obstacles and maximizing the potential of this technology in economic analysis. CONCLUSION: The long-term implications include increased economic competitiveness and significant changes in the way economic decision-making is carried out, assuming that ethical and regulatory issues are also carefully considered.

DOI
10.4108/eetsis.4373

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Quantum computing represents one of the most disruptive technological paradigms of the 21st century, with profound implications for economic modelling, financial optimization, and computational decision-making. Unlike classical computing, quantum systems leverage superposition, entanglement, and interference to solve problems of exponentially higher complexity, a capability with transformative potential for economics and finance. This study examines the intersection of quantum computing and economics, systematically evaluating both the promises and the barriers defining this emerging field. Regarding opportunities, quantum algorithms, such as the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) and Grover's algorithm, demonstrate significant theoretical advantages in portfolio optimization, risk assessment, option pricing, and the resolution of large-scale combinatorial problems that are intractable for classical machines. Quantum machine learning extends these prospects, offering accelerated capabilities for pattern recognition and predictive modelling relevant to financial markets. However, substantial barriers temper these expectations. Current quantum hardware operates in the NISQ (Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum) era, where decoherence, gate errors, and a limited number of qubits constrain practical applicability. The gap between theoretical quantum advantage and real-world economic implementation remains significant, compounded by a shortage of specialists, high infrastructure costs, and the absence of standardized programming frameworks tailored to economic applications. Through a bibliometric analysis of existing literature and a critical review of recent experimental results, the study maps the current state of quantum computing adoption in economics, identifies the most active research frontiers—quantum game theory and quantum portfolio optimization—and outlines the conditions under which quantum advantage could become economically relevant. The findings suggest that, although quantum computing will not transform economic practice in the short term, its long-term disruptive potential warrants proactive engagement from economists, financial institutions, and policymakers.
Quantum computing represents a transformative leap in information processing, holding the promise to revolutionize industries through its unprecedented computational capabilities. This paper explores the evolving landscape of quantum computing by analyzing current developments, technological challenges, and emerging opportunities. It examines how quantum principles are being translated into real-world applications and identifies key obstacles to mainstream adoption, such as hardware instability, error correction, and the need for specialized quantum algorithms. By evaluating both the scientific and socio-economic implications, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the future trajectory of quantum computing.