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Advanced Quantum Technologies

Reconfigurable Hexapartite Cluster States by Four‐Wave Mixing Processes with a Spatially Structured Pump

Kai Zhang, Yu Guo, Jietai Jing

Published Oct 31, 2023• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract The universal quantum computation provides a new paradigm for information processing. One feasible approach is measurement‐based one‐way quantum computation utilizing cluster states. Generally, the generation of cluster states with different structures for implementing on‐demand quantum computation needs different experimental setup, which limits its scalability. Here, the reconfigurable hexapartite cluster states created by postprocessing the quadrature information of hexapartite entangled state are demonstrated. Without altering the experimental layout, nine quantum correlated states with different structures, especially three cluster states, are implemented. In particular, such method can effectively reduce the excess noise introduced by creating cluster states under limited squeezing resources. This approach provides an avenue for realizing large‐scale reconfigurable cluster states without changing the experimental architecture.

DOI
10.1002/qute.202300160

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Abstract The universal quantum computation provides a new paradigm for information processing. One feasible approach is measurement‐based one‐way quantum computation utilizing cluster states. Generally, the generation of cluster states with different structures for implementing on‐demand quantum computation needs different experimental setup, which limits its scalability. Here, the reconfigurable hexapartite cluster states created by postprocessing the quadrature information of hexapartite entangled state are demonstrated. Without altering the experimental layout, nine quantum correlated states with different structures, especially three cluster states, are implemented. In particular, such method can effectively reduce the excess noise introduced by creating cluster states under limited squeezing resources. This approach provides an avenue for realizing large‐scale reconfigurable cluster states without changing the experimental architecture.
Multipartite entanglement serves as a vital resource for quantum information processing. Generally, its generation requires complex beam splitting processes which limit scalability. A promising trend is to integrate multiple nonlinear processes into a single device via frequency or time multiplexing. The generated states in these schemes are useful for quantum computation. However, they are confined in one or two beams and hard to be spatially separated for applications in quantum communication. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a scheme to generate spatially separated hexapartite entangled states by means of spatially multiplexing seven concurrent four-wave mixing processes. In addition, we show that the entanglement structure characterized by subsystem entanglement distribution can be modified by appropriately shaping the pump characteristics. Such reconfigurability of the entanglement structure gives the possibility to target a desired multipartite entangled state for a specific quantum communication protocol. Our results here provide a new platform for generating large scale spatially separated reconfigurable multipartite entangled beams.
Cluster states are an essential component in one-way quantum computation protocols. We present novel schemes to generate addressable and scalable cluster states. Specifically, we exploit the entanglement contained in quadrature squeezed cylindrically polarized modes as the resource for our cluster state production. We carefully examine the properties of the obtained cluster states and quantify these. It is shown that these cluster states can be built through very compact designs. All modes are directly addressable, as needed for one-way quantum computation. Furthermore, we experimentally implement one of the proposed schemes and verify its feasibility by measuring the quantum correlations between the different nodes of the cluster state.
ABSTRACT Measurement‐based quantum computing relies on the preparation of large‐scale multipartite entanglement, typically realized through cluster states. Quantum frequency combs provide a naturally multimode platform for constructing such states, yet prior pulse‐shaping methods are inherently sequential, thereby hindering scalability and making the reconstructed state vulnerable to system drifts. Here, we address this limitation by developing a multipixel homodyne detection scheme that enables the parallel characterization of quantum noise across multiple frequency modes and the single‐step reconstruction of the full covariance matrix, ensuring high measurement stability independent of long‐term system drifts. In an eight‐mode quantum frequency comb system, we experimentally determine sixteen entangled bipartitions (out of 127 possible bipartitions) and extract three squeezed supermodes via eigenmode decomposition of the covariance matrix. Through constructing linear optical networks in classical post‐processing, these resources enable the deterministic construction of cluster states ranging from one‐dimensional chains based on supermodes to three‐dimensional topological graphs formed by bipartite entangled pairs. The synergy between the parallel measurement capability of multipixel homodyne detection and the scalability of quantum frequency combs provides a compact and versatile platform for large‐scale, reconfigurable quantum information processing.
As a crucial quantum resource for quantum computing and quantum information processing, cluster state has attracted extensive attention due to its unique entanglement properties and rich structures. In this work, we theoretically propose a scheme for generating four-mode entangled states based on cascaded four-wave mixing (FWM) process. The internal entanglement characteristics are studied by using the positivity under partial transposition criterion and eigenmode decomposition. In addition, the output entangled states are reconstructed and optimized by adjusting the relative phase of balanced homodyne detection and postprocessing the signal noise, and finally three four-mode cluster states with different structures are generated. Such a method can effectively reduce the excess noise induced by finite squeezing. Our theoretical results provide a reliable way of generating scalable continuous variable cluster states based on FWM process in atomic ensemble.
Cluster states are an essential component in one-way quantum computation protocols. We present two schemes to generate addressable continuous-variable cluster states from quadrature squeezed cylindrically polarized modes. By including polarization in addition to the transverse spatial degree of freedom, elementary cluster states can be created in which four cluster nodes co-propagate within one paraxial vector beam. This approach is fundamentally compatible with existing time-multiplexed schemes that have been used to create the largest cluster states to date. We implement a proof-of-principle experiment of one of the proposed schemes and verify its feasibility by measuring the quantum correlations between the different nodes of the cluster state.
Large and complex optical quantum states are a key resource for fundamental science and applications such as quantum communications, information processing, and metrology. In this context, cluster states are a particularly important class because they enable the realization of universal quantum computers by means of the so-called `one-way' scheme, where processing operations are performed through measurements on the state. While two-level (i.e. qubit) cluster states have been realized thus far, further boosting this computational resource by increasing the number of particles comes at the price of significantly reduced coherence time and detection rates, as well as increased sensitivity to noise. In contrast, the realization of d-level (with d > 2) cluster states offers the possibility to increase quantum resources without changing the number of particles, enables the implementation of efficient computational protocols, as well as coincides with a reduction in the noise sensitivity of the states. Here, we experimentally realize, characterize, and perform one-way processing operations on three-level, four-partite cluster states formed by two photons in the time and frequency domain. We make use of a unique approach based on integrated photonic chips and optical fiber communications components, enabling scalable, deterministic new functionalities.