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Compact generation of easy-to-access continuous-variable cluster states

Ioannes Rigas, Christian Gabriel, Stefan Berg-Johansen, Andrea Aiello, Peter van Loock, Ulrik L. Andersen, Christoph Marquardt, Gerd Leuchs

Published Oct 18, 2012• 1 citation
OpenAlex

Abstract

Cluster states are an essential component in one-way quantum computation protocols. We present novel schemes to generate addressable and scalable cluster states. Specifically, we exploit the entanglement contained in quadrature squeezed cylindrically polarized modes as the resource for our cluster state production. We carefully examine the properties of the obtained cluster states and quantify these. It is shown that these cluster states can be built through very compact designs. All modes are directly addressable, as needed for one-way quantum computation. Furthermore, we experimentally implement one of the proposed schemes and verify its feasibility by measuring the quantum correlations between the different nodes of the cluster state.

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Cluster states are an essential component in one-way quantum computation protocols. We present novel schemes to generate addressable and scalable cluster states. Specifically, we exploit the entanglement contained in quadrature squeezed cylindrically polarized modes as the resource for our cluster state production. We carefully examine the properties of the obtained cluster states and quantify these. It is shown that these cluster states can be built through very compact designs. All modes are directly addressable, as needed for one-way quantum computation. Furthermore, we experimentally implement one of the proposed schemes and verify its feasibility by measuring the quantum correlations between the different nodes of the cluster state.
Cluster states are an essential component in one-way quantum computation protocols. We present two schemes to generate addressable continuous-variable cluster states from quadrature squeezed cylindrically polarized modes. By including polarization in addition to the transverse spatial degree of freedom, elementary cluster states can be created in which four cluster nodes co-propagate within one paraxial vector beam. This approach is fundamentally compatible with existing time-multiplexed schemes that have been used to create the largest cluster states to date. We implement a proof-of-principle experiment of one of the proposed schemes and verify its feasibility by measuring the quantum correlations between the different nodes of the cluster state.
Continuous-variable Gaussian cluster states are a potential resource for universal quantum computation. They can be efficiently and unconditionally built from sources of squeezed light using beam splitters. Here we report on the generation of three different kinds of continuous-variable four-mode cluster states. In our realization, the resulting cluster-type correlations are such that no corrections other than simple phase-space displacements would be needed when quantum information propagates through these states. At the same time, the inevitable imperfections from the finitely squeezed resource states and from additional thermal noise are minimized, as no antisqueezing components are left in the cluster states.
Entanglement is the key resource for measurement-based quantum computing. It is stored in quantum states known as cluster states, which are prepared offline and enable quantum computing by means of purely local measurements. Universal quantum computing requires cluster states that are both large and possess (at least) a two-dimensional topology. Continuous-variable cluster states-based on bosonic modes rather than qubits-have previously been generated on a scale exceeding one million modes, but only in one dimension. Here, we report generation of a large-scale two-dimensional continuous-variable cluster state. Its structure consists of a 5- by 1240-site square lattice that was tailored to our highly scalable time-multiplexed experimental platform. It is compatible with Bosonic error-correcting codes that, with higher squeezing, enable fault-tolerant quantum computation.
In the one-way model of quantum computing, quantum algorithms are implemented using only measurements on an entangled initial state. Much of the hard work is done upfront when creating this universal resource, known as a cluster state, on which the measurements are made. Here we detail a new proposal for a scalable method of creating cluster states using only a single multimode optical parametric oscillator (OPO). The method generates a continuous-variable cluster state that is universal for quantum computation and encoded in the quadratures of the optical frequency comb of the OPO. This work expands on the presentation in Menicucci, Flammia and Pfister (2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 , 130501).