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Lecture notes in computer science

Efficient and Appropriate Key Generation Scheme in Different IoT Scenarios

Hong Qiang Zhao, Enting Guo, Chunhua Su, Xinyi Huang

Published Jan 1, 2023• 2 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-981-99-7356-9_43

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With the increasing demands for sharing confidential information among massive Internet of Things (IoT) devices in 5G and beyond wireless networks, many applications require the common secret key generation for a group of IoT devices. However, most of the existing works on physical layer secret key generation (PLKG) only focus on the pairwise key generation between two users, which is a low efficient and high cost to be extended to the scenarios of group key generation. In this work, we propose a new efficient multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) physical layer group secret key generation scheme to reduce the consumption of channel probing and improve the efficiency for group key generation. Different from current schemes, in the proposed scheme, the transmitter randomly generates the group secret key and directly broadcasts the downlink data symbols to the group users. At the receiver end, each group user can efficiently “observe” the common group key through the downlink broadcasting data symbols, while keeping perfect secrecy of the shared group key against eavesdroppers. The performance of reliability, security, and the group key generation rate is fully investigated, which shows the advantages of high efficiency, low consumption, and strong robustness of the proposed scheme. Extensive simulations are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Device to device (D2D) communication is a peer-to-peer communication mechanism between devices without intermediate nodes. In view of the different application scenarios, the security requirements of D2D communication are also very different. Nevertheless, most secure D2D communications emphasize the importance of device privacy protection and efficiency. D2D communication is a challenging task of the Internet of Things (IoT) scenarios and designing an efficient and anonymous authentication scheme for the IoT D2D authentication is crucial to the application of the IoT. At this stage, although D2D communication in the IoT scenario has received widespread attention, some existing schemes cannot meet the requirements of efficiency and privacy protection. In view of this, a secure and efficient D2D anonymous authentication key agreement scheme is proposed based on identity-based cryptography. To illustrate the security of the scheme, we show the informal security analysis and the formal verification by the analysis tool Tamarin. The verification results show that the scheme is secure.
Internet-of-Things (IoT) networks generally contain resource-constrained devices that require an energy-efficient key generation procedure to producing secure keys at a faster rate. The physical characteristics of the wireless channel can be exploited to secure communication within IoT networks. In particular, secret keys can be generated by leveraging on the randomness of the wireless physical channel between two communicating parties. The conventional mechanism of generating keys at the physical layer, i.e., using channel probing, quantization, information reconciliation, and privacy amplification, may not be preferable for IoT devices. In addition, in some cases IoT devices may be deployed in static environments, wherein the channel coherence time is too high to generate keys at a faster rate and with the desired randomness. This study proposes a mapping table-based key distribution scheme for IoT environments, wherein multiple characteristics of the random channel are combined to improve not only the key generation rate (KGR) but also the key agreement rate (KAR) and bit error rate (BER). In the proposed scheme, both the channel magnitude and the phase are exploited in the key generation process. The proposed scheme is immune to channel estimation errors while providing sufficient randomness in the static environment. Additionally, the scheme is thoroughly investigated for different scenarios including the case of a smarter eavesdropper, which attempts to estimate the channel between the legitimate nodes. This case verifies the robustness of the proposed scheme in different settings and attack models.