Physics

Matching a Measurement to a Quantum State

Berihu Teklu

Published Oct 11, 2023• 1 citation

Abstract

A new method identifies the most sensitive measurement that can be performed using a given quantum state, knowledge key for designing improved quantum sensors.By

DOI: 10.1103/physics.16.172

Related papers

Quantum Sensor Based on Quantum State Decay

Jincheng Zhang

This paper investigates the development of a novel quantum sensor leveraging the phenomenon of quantum state decay. The core principle involves exploiting the inherent decay rate of superposition states in a quantum system to detect minute changes in the surrounding environment. We present a theoretical framework outlining the design principles and potential performance characteristics of such a sensor. The sensor's sensitivity is directly related to the decay rate of the initial quantum state and the ability to precisely measure the remaining state after a defined interaction period. Mathematical models are provided to illustrate the relationship between environmental perturbations, state decay, and the resulting measurable signal. Specifically, we explore the use of entangled states and propose strategies for enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio. The research aims to demonstrate a fundamentally new approach to quantum sensing, offering the potential for significantly enhanced precision and sensitivity compared to traditional sensing methods. The key focus is on establishing a robust and scalable design based on controllable quantum state decay. ---

Sep 5, 20260 citations

How and why to measure a quantum state

Michael G. Raymer

Physics TodayAug 25, 20260 citations

Quantum sensing and metrology with entangled states

Vladimir S. Malinovsky

Optical and Quantum Sensing and Precision Metrology IIMar 9, 20220 citations

A Physical Zero-Knowledge Proof and Unclonable Sensors for Nuclear Warhead Verification

Sébastien Philippe

Future nuclear arms-control agreements may call for reductions of the total number of nuclear weapons and warheads in the world arsenals. Such agreements would require new trusted verification mechanisms to confirm that items presented to inspectors are nuclear warheads and not spoofs. Proliferation and national security concerns require, however, that inspectors gain no warhead design information through this process. To address this paradox, considerable efforts have been directed towards the development of "information barriers." These barriers consist of automated measurement systems that process sensitive information but only display the results of internal analysis in a binary valid/invalid manner. These systems are, by their nature, at risk of electronic tampering and snooping – and their trusted implementation has so far proved extremely difficult to realize. This thesis takes radically different directions to address this challenge. It demonstrates new approaches to information protection and trusted instruments for nuclear warhead verification that are based on the cryptographic concepts of zero-knowledge proofs and physically unclonable functions. To the author's knowledge, this thesis provides the first demonstration of a zero-knowledge physical measurement technique. Using fast neutron differential radiography and superheated emulsion detectors, such a technique can show two objects have identical geometry and opacity to 14-MeV neutrons without revealing what these properties are. This zero-knowledge feature no longer holds when the objects compared are significantly different. Such a technique could form the basis of a template-matching verification system that could confirm the authenticity of nuclear weapons without sharing any secret design information. The thesis then introduces and demonstrates key elements of an optical physical unclonable function sensitive to neutrons and based on superheated emulsions. Such sensors are unique objects that cannot be cloned or simulated. The data they produce are a function of both their internal disordered structure and the physical quantity they measure. Due to their sensitivity against any structural variation, including through neutron irradiation, it is possible to show that they – or the data they have recorded -- have not been tampered with. Such sensors could be used by adversarial parties in sensitive facilities without the risk of being compromised.

Jan 1, 20181 citation

Quantum sensing with both high sensitivity and large range

Ernst David Herbschleb, Hiromitsu Kato, Toshiharu Makino +2 more

The Japan Society of Applied PhysicsJan 26, 20210 citations

Quantum Sensing with Multi-Parameter Quantum State Control

Jincheng Zhang

This paper investigates the potential of multi-parameter quantum state control for enhancing the performance of quantum sensors. The core claim centers on leveraging precisely controlled quantum states to achieve highly accurate measurements of multiple physical parameters simultaneously. The proposed mechanism involves manipulating quantum states with multiple parameters, allowing for correlated measurements and improved sensitivity. This work explores theoretical frameworks and outlines a strategy for developing quantum sensors that benefit from this approach. The paper focuses on the design principles and challenges associated with implementing such a system, emphasizing the role of quantum entanglement and coherence in achieving high precision. The ultimate goal is to demonstrate how multi-parameter quantum state control can unlock new possibilities for quantum sensing applications, particularly in areas demanding simultaneous measurement of diverse physical quantities. This research contributes to the growing field of quantum sensing by proposing a novel method that could significantly improve sensor accuracy and expand its capabilities.

Sep 7, 20260 citations