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An open-ended story on quantization

Roshan Raj

Published Oct 8, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

To provide a write-up, impressing on the evolutionary track of quantization of physical quantities such as Energy, momentum, and angular momentum. In addition, to question which fundamental quantity is responsible for making these derived quantities quantized.
DOI
10.31219/osf.io/92bvp

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Abstract This paper is concerned chiefly with the introduction of a co-ordinate operator in the quantum mechanics of the electron. It differs from other work on the same subject in the derivation, of the form of the operator by an analogy with the quantum expression for the angular momentum of the electron. Expressions for velocity and momentum operators are derived, and the relation between them is formally that of the classical theory in the absence of a field of force. By the introduction of reciprocal relations for the co-ordinate and momentum operators a condition is obtained which is applicable when the finite extension of the particle cannot be ignored. This is similar to the condition introduced by Yukawa in the theory of non-local fields. In the course of the development of the work, an explanation is offered of the significance of the fifth co-ordinate introduced in Kaluza’s theory of the gravitational and electromagnetic field and in Klein’s adaptation of it. Further, a new aspect of the question of the quantization of space and time is revealed by the use of co-ordinate operators (Xk), for it appears that the interest lies, not in a property of space-time, but in the quantization of localization of a particle. It should, however, be emphasized that the co-ordinates (xk) are retained with their usual meaning, but it is suggested that they are insufficient as a basis of a mechanical description of the electron. It is by operations upon (Xk) and not upon (xk) that mechanical quantities are obtained. The momentum (uk), like (xk), keeps its usual meaning, but it also is part of an operator (Mk) of wider significance. This is analogous to the case of the angular momentum of the electron where Dirac’s introduction of ‘spin’ shows that the orbital angular momentum is a part of a complete angular momentum operator. The application has been limited to the electron, because the derivation of the form of the operator (Xk) rests upon this analogy. The intention has not been to develop a calculus in which ordinary geometrical co-ordinates are replaced by operators. Finally, in proceeding to a force operator an additional term arises proportional to the derivative of the acceleration with respect to time. This term, which is usually ascribed to the reaction of the field of the electron, occurs here without reference to the self field, and suggests that, in addition to charge and current, a non-Maxwellian quantity must be considered as interacting with the external field.