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Annalen der Physik

Chiral‐Quantum‐Optics‐Based Supervised Learning

Wei‐Bin Yan, Yingjie Zhang, Zhong‐Xiao Man, Heng Fan, Yun‐Jie Xia

Published Oct 9, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Based on the excellent control of single photons realized by atom‐photon‐chiral couplings,a novel quantum‐optics scheme for supervised learning is proposed. The single‐photon rotating and phase‐shift operations, which can be controlled by another single photon, are realized by proper atom‐photon‐chiral couplings. Then, an algorithm to perform the supervised learning tasks, composed by integrating the realized gates, and implemented by the tunable gate parameters, is realized.

DOI
10.1002/andp.202300183

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Abstract Based on the excellent control of single photons realized by atom‐photon‐chiral couplings,a novel quantum‐optics scheme for supervised learning is proposed. The single‐photon rotating and phase‐shift operations, which can be controlled by another single photon, are realized by proper atom‐photon‐chiral couplings. Then, an algorithm to perform the supervised learning tasks, composed by integrating the realized gates, and implemented by the tunable gate parameters, is realized.
Benefiting from the excellent control of single photons realized by the emitter-photon-chiral couplings, we propose a novel potential photonic-quantum-computation scheme to perform the supervised learning tasks. The gates for photonic quantum computation are realized by properly designed atom-photon-chiral couplings. The quantum algorithm of supervised learning, composed by integrating the realized gates, is implemented by the tunable gate parameters. The learning ability is demonstrated by numerically simulating the performance of regression and classification tasks.
Chiral light-matter interactions lie at the heart of emerging technologies such as quantum network protocols and quantum logic gates. In the few photon regime, it has been shown that chiral interactions between photons and a waveguide-embedded two-level quantum emitter can break reciprocity and impart a directional πππ phase shift while the transmission remains intact. In this work, we present a model for multicolor, chiral nonlinear interactions in waveguides using a Green's Tensor formalism. We challenge previously held notions and demonstrate the complex photon dynamics hidden in multicolor light-matter interactions in the few photon regime. By modulating a stronger control beam, we can manipulate a weaker signal beam that contains much less than a single photon per emitter lifetime, on average. We develop equations for the transmission of the signal photons and removing the control photons to uncover the true strength of these nonlinearities, which we show is stronger than what is possible in symmetric geometries. The model predicts tunable unity extinction and up to 30% amplification in the signal, a $\sim100xincreasefromstandardpredictionsinwhichcontrolphotonsarepresent.Wealsopredictatunable0−100x increase from standard predictions in which control photons are present. We also predict a tunable 0-100xincreasefromstandardpredictionsinwhichcontrolphotonsarepresent.Wealsopredictatunable0−π$ phase shift via control modulation with significant robustness to emitter imperfections. Our model opens a new regime of directional nonlinear quantum light-matter interactions for study, providing a route to efficient all-optical control of photons.
Inspired by the excellent control of single photons realized by the atom-photon-chiral couplings, we propose a novel potential photonic-quantum-computation scheme. The single-photon rotating and phase-shift operations, which can be controlled by another single photon, are realized by properly designed atom-photon-chiral couplings. The operations can be integrated into a chiral quantum network to realize photonic quantum computation. Based on the proposal, an algorithm to perform the machine learning tasks is developed, in which the essential nonlinearities come from the appropriately designed operations.
Summary form only given. Controlling the interaction of light and matter is the basis for diverse applications ranging from light technology to quantum information processing. Nowadays, many of these applications are based on nanophotonic structures. It turns out that the confinement of light in such nanostructures imposes an inherent link between its local polarization and its propagation direction, also referred to as spin-momentum locking of light [1]. Remarkably, this leads to chiral, i.e., propagation direction-dependent effects in the emission and absorption of light, and elementary processes of light-matter interaction are fundamentally altered. For example, when coupling plasmonic particles or atoms to evanescent fields, the intrinsic mirror symmetry of the particles' emission can be broken. In our group, we observed this effect in the interaction between single rubidium atoms and the evanescent part of a light field that is confined by continuous total internal reflection in a whispering-gallery-mode microresonator [2]. In the following, this allowed us to realize chiral nanophotonic interfaces in which the emission direction of light into the structure is controlled by the polarization of the excitation light [3] or by the internal quantum state of the emitter [4], respectively. Moreover, we employed this chiral interaction to demonstrate an integrated optical isolator [5] as well as an integrated optical circulator [6] which operate at the single-photon level and which exhibit low loss. The latter are the first two examples of a new class of nonreciprocal nanophotonic devices which exploit the chiral interaction between single quantum emitters and transversally confined photons.
Abstract Deterministic nanoassembly may enable unique integrated on‐chip quantum photonic devices. Such integration requires a careful large‐scale selection of nanoscale building blocks such as solid‐state single‐photon emitters by means of optical characterization. Second‐order autocorrelation is a cornerstone measurement that is particularly time‐consuming to realize on a large scale. Supervised machine learning‐based classification of quantum emitters as “single” or “not‐single” is implemented based on their sparse autocorrelation data. The method yields a classification accuracy of 95% within an integration time of less than a second, realizing roughly a 100‐fold speedup compared to the conventional Levenberg–Marquardt fitting approach. It is anticipated that machine learning‐based classification will provide a unique route to enable rapid and scalable assembly of quantum nanophotonic devices.
ABSTRACT We investigate a polarization‐selective transport scheme based on two V‐type atoms chirally coupled to a waveguide, where each atom exhibits polarization‐dependent optical transitions. An external driving field coherently couples the excited states of the atoms, enabling efficient and controllable polarization conversion during photon transport. For an incident photon prepared in a single polarization state, the system exhibits polarization‐dependent unidirectional transmission and reflection, arising from the chiral atom–waveguide interaction. Moreover, the external driving field allows polarization conversion to occur selectively within the transport channels. When the incident photon is prepared in a superposition of polarization states, the system simultaneously realizes polarization‐selective transmission and reflection, with the transport behavior dynamically controlled by the driving field. This scheme provides a tunable platform for directional transport of single photon with different polarization components, offering a versatile platform for photonic systems with simultaneous control over polarization and propagation direction.