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Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging

Wavefront division quantum interferometry

Mahdi Eshaghi, Ruitao Wu, Erwan Baleine, Aristide C. Dogariu

Published Oct 3, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the use of a spatially distributed beam of entangled photons for applications of wavefront division interferometry. Using a fiber-based spontaneous parametric down conversion process, which redirect the signal and idler into a common single-mode fiber, we generate a Gaussian beam of colinear entangled photons randomly distributed in space. Coincidence measurements carried by wavefront division demonstrate quantum interference patterns, including classical single photon fringes, two-photon interferences and the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect. Our results are relevant for detecting transverse variations in the statistical properties of weak turbulence.

DOI
10.1117/12.2678725

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We investigate the use of a spatially distributed beam of entangled photons for applications of wavefront division interferometry. Using a fiber-based spontaneous parametric down conversion process, which redirect the signal and idler into a common single-mode fiber, we generate a Gaussian beam of colinear entangled photons randomly distributed in space. Coincidence measurements carried by wavefront division demonstrate quantum interference patterns, including classical single photon fringes, two-photon interferences and the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect. Our results are relevant for detecting transverse variations in the statistical properties of weak turbulence.
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We report on two-photon quantum interference experiments in the standard telecommunication band. Two identical photons in the 1.5 mm wavelength band were generated in spatially separated modes by a type-I spontaneous parametric down-conversion process, and injected into a fiber-optic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer. Two-photon interference patterns of dip and spatial beating in the coincidence counting rate were observed by varying the difference in optical path lengths. The visibilities obtained in the net coincidences were close to the theoretical value of 100%. The raw visibilities were also well above the classical limit.
Entanglement is an invaluable resource to various quantum communication, metrology, and computing processes. In particular, spatial entanglement has become topical, owing to its wider Hilbert space that allows photons to carry more information. However, spatial entanglement is susceptible to decay in the presence of external perturbations such as atmospheric turbulence. Here we show theoretically and experimentally that in a weak turbulence regime, maximally entangled states can be distilled through quantum interference. We generated entangled photons by spontaneous parametric down-conversion, with one photon in the entangled pairs being sent through a turbulent channel. We recombined the paths of the two photons at a beam-splitter in a Hong-Ou-Mandel interference setup and measured in coincidence, using spatial filters, the spatial correlations between photons in the output ports of the beam-splitter. We performed a state tomography and show that, from an ensemble of pure states with very low levels of entanglement, we distil entangled states with fidelities F ≥ 0.90 with respect to the singlet Bell state.
Superposition and indistinguishablility between probability amplitudes have played an essential role in observing quantum interference effects of correlated photons. The Hong-Ou-Mandel interference and interferences of the path-entangled photon number state are of special interest in the field of quantum information technologies. However, a fully generalized two-photon quantum interferometric scheme accounting for the Hong-Ou-Mandel scheme and path-entangled photon number states has not yet been proposed. Here we report the experimental demonstrations of the generalized two-photon interferometry with both the interferometric properties of the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect and the fully unfolded version of the path-entangled photon number state using photon-pair sources, which are independently generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion. Our experimental scheme explains two-photon interference fringes revealing single- and two-photon coherence properties in a single interferometer setup. Using the proposed interferometric measurement, it is possible to directly estimate the joint spectral intensity of a photon pair source.
We review some recent experiments based upon multimode two-photon interference of photon pairs created by spontaneous parametric down-conversion. The new element provided by these experiments is the inclusion of the transverse spatial profiles of the pump, signal and idler fields. We discuss multimode Hong-Ou-Mandel interference, and show that the transverse profile of the pump beam can be manipulated in order to control two-photon interference. We present the basic theory and experimental results as well as several applications to the field of quantum information.
We review some recent experiments based upon multimode two-photon interference of photon pairs created by spontaneous parametric down-conversion. The new element provided by these experiments is the inclusion of the transverse spatial profiles of the pump, signal and idler fields. We discuss multimode Hong–Ou–Mandel interference, and show that the transverse profile of the pump beam can be manipulated in order to control two-photon interference. We present the basic theory and experimental results as well as several applications to the field of quantum information.