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Optics Express

Two-photon quantum interference in the 1.5 μm telecommunication band

Seok-Beom Cho, Tae-Gon Noh

Published Jan 1, 2007• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report on two-photon quantum interference experiments in the standard telecommunication band. Two identical photons in the 1.5 mm wavelength band were generated in spatially separated modes by a type-I spontaneous parametric down-conversion process, and injected into a fiber-optic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer. Two-photon interference patterns of dip and spatial beating in the coincidence counting rate were observed by varying the difference in optical path lengths. The visibilities obtained in the net coincidences were close to the theoretical value of 100%. The raw visibilities were also well above the classical limit.

DOI
10.1364/oe.15.007591

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We report on two-photon quantum interference experiments in the standard telecommunication band. Two identical photons in the 1.5 mm wavelength band were generated in spatially separated modes by a type-I spontaneous parametric down-conversion process, and injected into a fiber-optic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer. Two-photon interference patterns of dip and spatial beating in the coincidence counting rate were observed by varying the difference in optical path lengths. The visibilities obtained in the net coincidences were close to the theoretical value of 100%. The raw visibilities were also well above the classical limit.
펨토초 펄스형 자발적 매개하향변환에서 생성된 1.5 μm{\mu}mμm 통신파장대역 광자쌍의 진동수 얽힘상태를 구현하고, 광섬유 기반 Hong-Ou-Mandel 간섭계를 이용하여 양자간섭 실험을 수행하였다. 각진동수 ω1{\omega}_1ω1​ 과 ω2{\omega}_2ω2​ 에 대응하는 두 광자의 파장은 저밀도 파장분할다중화(coarse wavelength division multiplexing, CWDM) 필터를 이용하여 선택하였고, 간섭계에서 경로차에 따른 두 검출기의 동시계수 측정에서 높은 선명도를 갖는 공간적인 맥놀이 형태의 간섭무늬를 관측하였다. We performed experiments on Hong-Ou-Mandel type two-photon interference with frequency entangled photon pairs at 1.5 μm{\mu}mμm telecommunication band generated through femtosecond pulsed spontaneous parametric down-conversion. Two different angular frequencies ω1{\omega}_1ω1​ and ω2{\omega}_2ω2​ were selected using CWDM(coarse wavelength division multiplexing) filters at the output ports of the interferometer. The coincidence counting rates were measured with varying path-length difference between the two interferometer arms to observe the two-photon interference patterns of spatial beating. The obtained visibilities in the net coincidence were close to the theoretical limit of 100%.
We experimentally demonstrated the Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference between two photons after visible-to-telecommunication wavelength conversion. In the experiment, we prepared a heralded single photon by using spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) and the other photon from a weak laser source at 780 nm. We converted the wavelength of both photons to the telecommunication wavelength of 1522 nm by using difference-frequency generation in a periodically poled lithium niobate, and then observed the HOM interference between the photons. The observed visibility is $0.76\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.12$ which clearly shows the nonclassical interference of the two photons. The high-visibility interference is an important step for fiber-based quantum communications of photons generated from visible-photon emitters.
We report on the study of two-photon interference in the frequency domain. Bell and Hong-Ou-Mandel experiments are investigated. These experiments involve the manipulation of photons in the frequency domain, using off-the-shelf telecommunication components such as electro-optic phase modulators and narrow-band frequency filters. In the first experiment, photon pairs entangled in frequency are created and separated. Each photon is then directed through an independent electro-optic phase modulator. Variation of the radio-frequency parameters of the modulation gives rise to a well-controlled Bessel-shape two-photon interference pattern in the frequency domain. This is efficiently measured with narrow-band frequency filters and superconducting single photon detectors. Experimental measurements exhibit high visibilities (over 99 percent both for net and raw visibilities) and allow the (theoretically proven) optimal violation of a Bell inequality for our setup (by more than 18 standard deviations). The second experiment is a Hong-Ou-Mandel experiment in the frequency domain. We show that a grating (spatial domain) or a phase modulator (temporal domain) can be seen as a frequency beam splitter. A broadband spectrum of photon pairs is divided into two interleaved frequency combs, each one used as an independent input to this acting beam splitter. A theoretical calculation shows clear photon anti-bunching behavior.