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IEEE photonics journal

Quantifying Exciton-Photon Entanglement in Semiconductor Microcavities: A Closed Formula for Strong and Weak Coupling Regimes

Rubén Darío Guerrero

Published Sep 19, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Semiconductor microcavities have great potential for quantum information science, quantum optics, and quantum sensing. Researchers designing devices based on these microcavities could benefit from having accurate figures of merit to guide their design and enhance the entanglement latency and strength of their devices. This article presents a closed formula for computing the exciton-photon concurrence in semiconductor microcavities. The formula is tailored for the ultralow density limit of both excitons and photons, allowing a better understanding of the entanglement properties in this regime. The closed formula allows for accurate and easy quantification of the exciton-photon coupling strength in terms of the parameters of the system like the couplings, frequencies, and linewidths, which has applications in quantum optics and quantum information science. The presented formulas can be used in rational microcavity design for various applications, such as single-photon sources, quantum light sources, and optoelectronic devices. This contributes to the systematic design and control of entanglement properties of quantum devices tailored for specific tasks in quantum information science, quantum optics, and quantum sensing. In summary, this work represents a valuable contribution to both practical applications and fundamental research in the fields of nanostructures, quantum optics, and quantum information science.

DOI
10.1109/jphot.2023.3316914

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Semiconductor microcavities have great potential for quantum information science, quantum optics, and quantum sensing. Researchers designing devices based on these microcavities could benefit from having accurate figures of merit to guide their design and enhance the entanglement latency and strength of their devices. This article presents a closed formula for computing the exciton-photon concurrence in semiconductor microcavities. The formula is tailored for the ultralow density limit of both excitons and photons, allowing a better understanding of the entanglement properties in this regime. The closed formula allows for accurate and easy quantification of the exciton-photon coupling strength in terms of the parameters of the system like the couplings, frequencies, and linewidths, which has applications in quantum optics and quantum information science. The presented formulas can be used in rational microcavity design for various applications, such as single-photon sources, quantum light sources, and optoelectronic devices. This contributes to the systematic design and control of entanglement properties of quantum devices tailored for specific tasks in quantum information science, quantum optics, and quantum sensing. In summary, this work represents a valuable contribution to both practical applications and fundamental research in the fields of nanostructures, quantum optics, and quantum information science.
The dynamics of the exciton-photon entanglement, in a semiconductor microcavity is analyzed. Finding a closed analytical expression for the time evolution of the concurrence. Using as model two coupled, quantum oscillators with detuning between them. Supposing that the system is at a temperature closer to zero. And that the quantum state of the system, remains in the one excitation sector of the total Hilbert space. The former theoretical setup, describes the excitons coupled to the photons in the microcavity accurately, for a system with ultra low density of excitons. We remark in first place, that our closed expression for the concurrence dynamics. Enable us to establish a good analytical criterion, to determine the coupling dynamical regime, in which the system is. Even more, we show that our criterion, is in good agreement with typically accepted, experimental signatures for strong, and wake coupling regimes. Finally we present theoretical evidence, suggesting that the entanglement between the exciton and the photon. Can be measured in experiments, vía the cross correlation contribution, to the time resolved spectra of the system.
In this paper, exciting progress of quantum optics in solid state is reviewed. The focus is on semiconductor microcavities with self-assembled quantum dots embedded in the active layer. Due to enormous progress in semiconductor nanotechnology, such photonic structures have become a model system for the study of quantum optics on a scalable and integrable technology platform with high potential for future applications in quantum information technology. Quantum optical phenomena have become accessible due to 3-D confinement of light and matter on the length scale of their wavelength in state-of-the-art semiconductor micro- and nanostructures. This confinement leads to a quantization of the associated photonic and electronic energy levels and requires a quantum mechanical description of the system in the framework of cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED). This approach considers the dipole interaction between two-level quantum emitters and discrete photonic states of a microcavity. Within the well-known Jaynes-Cummings model, the dipole interaction is described in terms of a coherent exchange of energy between the emitter and the resonator mode. This coherent interaction in the so-called strong coupling regime of cQED is reflected in a normal mode splitting, the vacuum Rabi splitting, of the involved modes and represents a central feature of quantum optics in solid state. Another important example of quantum optics in semiconductor nanostructures is the generation of nonclassical light in specific quantum devices. Of particular interest is the realization of Fock states which represent states containing a well-defined number of photons. Single-photon sources, for instance, allow for the generation of single photons on demand, which is highly desirable for quantum communication systems. In this context, this review paper will present recent experimental studies of quantum optics in solid state. This paper is meant for readers who would like to become familiar with this topic and for experts being interested in the progress in this field. It will cover a broad range of studies ranging from examples of fundamental light-matter interaction in the quantum limit to devices capable of emitting single photons and entangled photon pairs on demand.
We study how the interplay of weak excitation regime of quantum well confined in a semiconductor microcavity affects the dynamics of correlations and the statistical properties of photons. We discuss how the system parameters can impact the quantum entropy and Mandel’s parameter, and illustrate our concerns with numerical simulations. We have found that the enhancement of the correlations and the control of the statistical properties of photons in semiconductor microcavities for multi-photon excitation highly benefits from the combination of the strength of the field, excitonic spontaneous emission rate, cavity dissipative rate, and the coupling between the exciton and photons. Our results may have important implications not only for those specially interested in quantum optics and information, but also for the general physics community.
Squeezed light is a particularly useful quantum resource, which finds broad applications in quantum information processing, quantum metrology and sensing, and biological measurements. Here we show how to produce squeezed light exploiting the strong exciton–phonon nonlinear interaction in a semiconductor microcavity. The semiconductor microcavity is embedded with a quantum well, which supports both linear and nonlinear interactions among excitons, phonons, and cavity photons. We show that the strong exciton–phonon deformation potential interaction can induce a quadrature-squeezed cavity output field, and further reveal an important role of the exciton–photon coupling in engineering the squeezing spectrum and improving the robustness of the squeezing against thermal noise. Our results indicate that substantial optical squeezing in a broad band, up to tens of gigahertz, can be achieved using currently available parameters.
We examine how the weak excitation regime of a quantum well confined in a semiconductor microcavity (SM) influences the dynamics of quantum coherence and the total phase. We analyze the impact of the physical parameters on different quantumness measures, and illustrate their numerical results. We show that the amount of the coherence and total phase in the SMs for multi-photon excitation can be improved and controlled by the strength of the field, exciton-photon coupling, cavity dissipation rate, and excitonic spontaneous emission rate. We illustrate how the fidelity varies depending on the physical parameters. These results might have far-reaching ramifications not just in quantum information processing and optics, but also in physics at large.
Summary form only given. The latest advances in the design and implementation of semiconductor sources of quantum light show their competence to efficiently deliver indistingishable single photons or photon pairs with high degree of entanglement. These achievements combined with the possibility of photon storage show the potential of quantum dots to become building blocks of a quantum network. Here we investigated the possibility to extend the use of micro-pillar cavities to extraction of photon pairs. Particularly, we are interested in quantum dots excited resonantly using a method of two-photon resonant excitation of the biexciton. We theoretically modelled the system consisting of a two-photon resonantly excited quantum dot placed in a micro-pillar cavity. We estimated the coupling strength required to achieve cavity mediated photon pair emission. We related this finding to the device design parameters, which indicate a feasible design. Controlling the parameters as cavity bandwidth and coupling strength we can achieve difference emission dynamics ranging from individual emission of biexciton and exciton photons to a cavity mediated bi-photon emission.