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Ultra-high vacuum chamber development for a Sr optical lattice clock with a Laguerre-Gaussian trapping geometry

Miguel A. Cifuentes Marin, Haosen Shang, Yannick Foucault, David Holleville, Rodolphe Le Targat, Jérôme Lodewyck

Published Jul 1, 2022• 0 citations
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Laguerre-Gaussian shaped lattices for a strontium optical clock

Miguel A. Cifuentes Marin

Optical lattice clocks (OLCs) have achieved an unprecedented relative systematic uncertainty of about 10^{-19}, establishing them as candidates for the upcoming redefinition of the second in the International System of Units. Currently, the accuracy of OLCs is primarily limited by black body radiation (BBR), cold collisions, and lattice light shift effects. Various strategies are being explored to mitigate these limitations, including using cryogenic environments to manage BBR and using new trapping geometries to control atomic distributions and interactions. In this project, we propose a new OLC setup that aims to characterize BBR and density effects below the 10^{-18} level. To achieve this goal, we have developed a copper science chamber that is placed inside a primary vacuum chamber. This configuration minimizes temperature inhomogeneities around the atoms to within a few tens of millikelvin (mK). The system features an adaptable one-dimensional (1D) optical lattice shaped with Laguerre-Gaussian LG_{0ell} modes to increase the number of trapping sites while reducing atomic occupancy per site. We created shaped lattices with values of ell from 0 to 4 whose trap depths were compatible with clock operation. We trapped thousands of atoms in TEM_{00}, LG_{01}and LG{02} shaped lattices and performed low-resolution clock spectroscopy on bosonic ^{88}Sr, yielding 100 Hz-wide transitions. To investigate cold collision effects, we plan to implement a second cooling stage using the ^1text{S}_0 rightarrow ^3text{P}_1 intercombination transition in strontium. This will increase atomic density, enhancing observable collision effects and enabling the detection of motional sidebands. These measurements will provide insight into the anharmonicity of LG-shaped lattices and help validate the lattice light shift model under varying trap conditions. Finally, the clock setup is still under construction. Current work focuses on enclosing the interrogation chamber within the primary vacuum to improve the thermal homogeneity and reduce the uncertainty related to BBR, and at the same time, the instrumentation required for high-resolution spectroscopy is currently being installed.

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Observation of the Sr clock transition in a Laguerre-Gaussian Lattice Geometry

Miguel A. Cifuentes Marin, Pierre Eberschweiler, Rodolphe Le Targat +1 more

Improving the performance of optical lattice clocks (OLC) relies on a comprehensive characterization of the effects limiting their accuracy and stability. Intending to reduce the limitation due to cold collisions of trapped atoms below the 10−18level, this paper reports on the progress about the development of a Sr OLC based on a 1D optical lattice with Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) transverse profile in an optical cavity, which allows an average site occupancy of less than one atom per site. We have generated LG0ℓpotentials and realized the trapping of Sr atoms in LG lattices up to ℓ=2, and present the clock spectroscopy of88Sr atoms trapped in these modes, aiming to characterize the residual cold-collisions.

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OPTICAL LATTICE CLOCK WITH Sr ATOMS

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Generating Laguerre-Gaussian Modes for Atom Trapping in a Sr Optical Lattice Clock

Miguel A. Cifuentes Marin, Haosen Shang, Yannick Foucault +2 more

Aiming to improve the characterization of systematic effects in optical lattice clocks below 10−18, we propose the implementation of Laguerre-Gaussian modes (LGpl) to shape a multi-site trap in the 1D optical lattice of a Sr optical lattice clock, hence reducing the density of atoms, while preserving the advantages of 1D lattices. In this work, we demonstrate the generation of LG0lmodes with l up to 4, and the injection of these modes into an in-vacuum optical cavity intended for the dipole trapping of atoms. Trapping depths up to 200Erfor an LG04were obtained, a priori making it possible to implement LG modes within the clock sequence. We then propose and evaluate two different methods to load atoms in a LG profile.

Joint Conference of the European Frequency and Time Forum and IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFCS)•Apr 24, 2022•1 citation
Optical lattice clocks (OLCs) have achieved an unprecedented relative systematic uncertainty of about 10^{-19}, establishing them as candidates for the upcoming redefinition of the second in the International System of Units. Currently, the accuracy of OLCs is primarily limited by black body radiation (BBR), cold collisions, and lattice light shift effects. Various strategies are being explored to mitigate these limitations, including using cryogenic environments to manage BBR and using new trapping geometries to control atomic distributions and interactions. In this project, we propose a new OLC setup that aims to characterize BBR and density effects below the 10^{-18} level. To achieve this goal, we have developed a copper science chamber that is placed inside a primary vacuum chamber. This configuration minimizes temperature inhomogeneities around the atoms to within a few tens of millikelvin (mK). The system features an adaptable one-dimensional (1D) optical lattice shaped with Laguerre-Gaussian LG_{0ell} modes to increase the number of trapping sites while reducing atomic occupancy per site. We created shaped lattices with values of ell from 0 to 4 whose trap depths were compatible with clock operation. We trapped thousands of atoms in TEM_{00}, LG_{01}and LG{02} shaped lattices and performed low-resolution clock spectroscopy on bosonic ^{88}Sr, yielding 100 Hz-wide transitions. To investigate cold collision effects, we plan to implement a second cooling stage using the ^1text{S}_0 rightarrow ^3text{P}_1 intercombination transition in strontium. This will increase atomic density, enhancing observable collision effects and enabling the detection of motional sidebands. These measurements will provide insight into the anharmonicity of LG-shaped lattices and help validate the lattice light shift model under varying trap conditions. Finally, the clock setup is still under construction. Current work focuses on enclosing the interrogation chamber within the primary vacuum to improve the thermal homogeneity and reduce the uncertainty related to BBR, and at the same time, the instrumentation required for high-resolution spectroscopy is currently being installed.
Ultra-high resolution spectroscopy with a 87^{87}87Sr lattice clock
Improving the performance of optical lattice clocks (OLC) relies on a comprehensive characterization of the effects limiting their accuracy and stability. Intending to reduce the limitation due to cold collisions of trapped atoms below the 10−18level, this paper reports on the progress about the development of a Sr OLC based on a 1D optical lattice with Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) transverse profile in an optical cavity, which allows an average site occupancy of less than one atom per site. We have generated LG0ℓpotentials and realized the trapping of Sr atoms in LG lattices up to ℓ=2, and present the clock spectroscopy of88Sr atoms trapped in these modes, aiming to characterize the residual cold-collisions.
Aiming to improve the characterization of systematic effects in optical lattice clocks below 10−18, we propose the implementation of Laguerre-Gaussian modes (LGpl) to shape a multi-site trap in the 1D optical lattice of a Sr optical lattice clock, hence reducing the density of atoms, while preserving the advantages of 1D lattices. In this work, we demonstrate the generation of LG0lmodes with l up to 4, and the injection of these modes into an in-vacuum optical cavity intended for the dipole trapping of atoms. Trapping depths up to 200Erfor an LG04were obtained, a priori making it possible to implement LG modes within the clock sequence. We then propose and evaluate two different methods to load atoms in a LG profile.