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Digest - IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society. International Symposium

Antenna Array Analysis on Real Quantum Computing Processors

Luca Tosi, Paolo Rocca

Published Jul 23, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this work the effect of noise on the computation of the array factor of phased arrays through realistic quantum computers is addressed. Furthermore, numerical results are presented in relation to physical parameters of superconducting qubits, to analyze the impact of noise when the quantum Fourier transform is applied within the quantum computing framework.

DOI
10.1109/usnc-ursi52151.2023.10238050

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In this work the effect of noise on the computation of the array factor of phased arrays through realistic quantum computers is addressed. Furthermore, numerical results are presented in relation to physical parameters of superconducting qubits, to analyze the impact of noise when the quantum Fourier transform is applied within the quantum computing framework.
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A study on the analysis of the power-pattern of phased-array antennas (PAs) based on the quantum Fourier transform (QFT) is presented. The computation of the power pattern given the set of complex excitations of the PA elements is addressed within the quantum computing (QC) framework by means of a customized procedure that exploits the quantum mechanics principles and theory. A representative set of numerical results, yielded with a quantum computer emulator, is reported and discussed to validate the proposed method also pointing out its features in comparison with the classical approach based on the discrete Fourier transform (DFT).
Abstract Quantum computing uses quantum resources provided by the underlying quantum nature of matter to enhance classical computation. However, the current Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era in quantum computing is characterized by the use of quantum processors comprising from a few tens to, at most, a few hundreds of physical qubits without implementing quantum error correction techniques. This limits the scalability in the implementation of quantum algorithms. Digital-analog quantum computing (DAQC) has been proposed as a more resilient alternative quantum computing paradigm to outperform digital quantum computation within the NISQ era framework. It arises from adding the flexibility provided by fast single-qubit gates to the robustness of analog quantum simulations. Here, we perform a careful comparison between the digital and digital-analog paradigms under the presence of noise sources. The comparison is illustrated by comparing the performance of the quantum Fourier transform and quantum phase estimation algorithms under a wide range of single- and two-qubit noise sources. Indeed, we obtain that when the different noise channels usually present in superconducting quantum processors are considered, the fidelity of these algorithms for the digital-analog paradigm outperforms the one obtained for the digital approach. Additionally, this difference grows when the size of the processor scales up, making DAQC a sensible alternative paradigm in the NISQ era. Finally, we show how to adaptthe DAQC paradigm to quantum error mitigation techniques for canceling different noise sources, including the bang error.
Quantum devices in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era are highly susceptible to different types of quantum noise, which directly impact the reliability of experimental results. This work provides a characterization of error behavior arising from quantum noises on IBM's superconducting quantum processor, offering practical insights for algorithm design, benchmarking, and error-mitigation strategies on a real superconducting quantum processor in the NISQ era. The study begins with the measurement of the basis state, without applying any gate, to quantify state-preparation and measurement (SPAM) errors. Additionally, the errors are further quantified due to the application of single-qubit Pauli-X, two-qubit CNOT gate and other multi-qubit Controlled-X gates. Each circuit was executed with 1024 shots, and the percentage error between the expected and observed outputs was computed. The results show that the single-qubit Pauli-X gate exhibits relatively low errors in comparison with the two-qubit CNOT gate, whereas other multi-qubit Controlled-X gates lead to significantly higher deviations. This work also analyzes the noise effect of a fourqubit Controlled-X gate being implemented using a three-qubit Controlled-X gate with an extra auxiliary qubit, and the result shows a significant reduction in the error rate.