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Designing hybrid digital logic gates based on quantum entanglement phenomenon

V S Hari Krishna Jayanty

Published Sep 6, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The paper describes a technique of building basic digital logic circuit’s like NOT gate, NOR gate and NAND gate using a combination of two circuits, one exploiting the phenomena of quantum entanglement and the other is based on conventional electronics, for simplicity the author will refer such circuits as hybrid quantum logic gates(or HQLG).

DOI
10.22541/au.169397841.12327927/v1

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The paper describes a technique of building basic digital logic circuit’s like NOT gate, NOR gate and NAND gate using a combination of two circuits, one exploiting the phenomena of quantum entanglement and the other is based on conventional electronics, for simplicity the author will refer such circuits as hybrid quantum logic gates(or HQLG).
Quantum computing, which is the most famed topic in this era, a combination of quantum mechanics from the 1900s and the computing point of view, takes a huge place in the quantum realm. Starting from the foundation of abacus since 2700–2300 BC, we humans have always been trying to compute in different ways, and the most modern way of doing it comes with the binary system. Bit is the smallest unit of a binary system and can be in two states, either 0 or 1. On the contrary, quantum computing deals with the “quantum bit” or “qubit”; possible outcomes from the qubits are neither 0 nor 1. It will always be a combination of 0 and 1, which is based on the superposition principle from quantum physics. In this chapter, details of quantum logic gates are discussed for the circuit design perspective, which will be achievable for future realization of quantum computers. Architecture and corresponding formation of basic quantum circuits are discussed, along with the methods of quantum computing. How the technique differs from conventional approaches is also highlighted. The work may be directed toward future hardware realization of quantum information processing.
This paper explores a novel approach to logic gate design based on the phenomenon of quantum tunneling. Traditional logic gates rely on classical electron flow controlled by transistors. We propose a fundamentally different architecture leveraging the probabilistic nature of quantum tunneling to perform logical operations. The core concept involves designing structures that exploit controlled tunneling events to dictate electronic pathways, effectively creating a logic circuit. This approach challenges the established design paradigm of logic gates and offers a potentially scalable route to quantum computation using readily accessible quantum phenomena. We detail the theoretical framework, outline potential gate designs, and discuss key considerations for realizing such a system. The core claim is the feasibility of utilizing quantum tunneling effects to implement logic gate functionalities. The core mechanism centers around controlling electron flow through quantum tunneling for logical operations. This work represents a new design strategy for logic gates, differing from conventional transistor-based approaches.
Abstract — Reversible logic is one of the most vital issue at present time and it has different areas for its application, those are low power CMOS, quantum computing, nanotechnology, cryptography, optical computing, DNA computing, digital signal processing (DSP), quantum dot cellular automata, communication, computer graphics. It is not possible to realize quantum computing without implementation of reversible logic. The main purposes of designing reversible logic are to decrease quantum cost, depth of the circuits and the number of garbage outputs. This paper provides the basic reversible logic gates, which in designing of more complex system having reversible circuits as a primitive component and which can execute more complicated operations using quantum computers. The reversible circuits form the basic building block of quantum computers as all quantum operations are reversible. This paper presents the data relating to the primitive reversible gates which are available in literature and helps researches in designing higher complex computing circuits using reversible gates.
By encoding the digital input of a classical logic gate on the Hamiltonian of a quantum system and driving the logic operation by preparing it in the same nonstationary state whatever the input, NOR and NAND classical logic gates are designed with a minimum of three quantum states. The outputs of one gate are obtained either by measuring the distance between the $\ensuremath{\rho}(t)$ periodic quantum trajectory and the output target state ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{b}$, or by measuring the secular frequency of the $\ensuremath{\rho}(t)$ almost periodic trajectory in the ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{b}$ direction. A comparison of the stability to noise between the two approaches demonstrates that the frequency approach is more immune to random fluctuations in the Hamiltonian than a distance control approach, opening the way to determine the logic output using a tunneling current passing through the gate.
A quantum gate or quantum logic gate is an elementary quantum circuit working on a small number of qubits. It means that quantum gates can grasp two primary feature of quantum mechanics that are entirely out of reach for classical gates : superposition and entanglement. In simpler words quantum gates are reversible. In classical computing sets of logic gates are connected to construct digital circuits. Similarly, quantum logic gates operates on input states that are generally in superposition states to compute the output. In this paper the authors will discuss in detail what is single and multiple qubit gates and scope and challenges in quantum gates.
Quantum computing holds the promise of a novel form of information processing in which data resides in quantum states. By exploiting superpositions and entanglement among these states, quantum logic operations are expected to far surpass conventional digital logic in certain classes of problems. To realize this prospect, we employ superconducting circuits at millikelvin temperatures. The nonlinearity of a Josephson tunnel junction enables a two-level quantum system, or qubit, with excitation energy in the microwave regime. Key recent advances in such devices are the demonstration of robust and simple multi-qubit gates, the integration of superconducting qubits into arrays of four or more, and gate fidelities reaching 99%. [1,2,3]