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Quantum 2.0 Conference and Exhibition

Interfacing On-Demand Quantum Dot Single Photons with a Resonant Atomic Quantum Memory

Guodong Cui, Lucas Schweickert, Klaus D. Jöns, Mehdi Namazi, Rinaldo Trotta, Armando Rastelli, Val Zwiller, Eden V. Figueroa

Published Jan 1, 2023• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate coherent interactions between quantum dot single photons and a resonant 87Rb ensemble in the experiment and show an open quantum system analysis. These results could help build fast hybrid quantum networks.
DOI
10.1364/quantum.2023.qth3b.7

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Long-range quantum communication requires the development of in-out light-matter interfaces to achieve a quantum advantage in entanglement distribution. Ideally, these quantum interconnections should be as fast as possible to achieve high-rate entangled qubits distribution. Here, we demonstrate the coherent quanta exchange between single photons generated on-demand from a GaAs quantum dot and atomic ensemble in a 87^{87}87Rb vapor quantum memory. Through an open quantum system analysis, we demonstrate the mapping between the quantized electric field of photons and the coherence of the atomic ensemble. Our results play a pivotal role in understanding quantum light-matter interactions at the short time scales required to build fast hybrid quantum networks.
Long range quantum communication and quantum information processing require the development of light-matter interfaces for distributed quantum networks. Even though photons are ideal candidates for network links to transfer quantum information, the system of choice for the realization of quantum nodes has not been identified yet. Ideally, one strives for a hybrid network architecture, which will consist of different quantum systems, combining the strengths of each system. However, interfacing different quantum systems via photonic channels remains a major challenge because a detailed understanding of the underlying light-matter interaction is missing. Here, we show the coherent manipulation of single photons generated on-demand from a semiconductor quantum dot using a rubidium vapor quantum memory, forming a hybrid quantum network. We demonstrate the engineering of the photons' temporal wave function using four-level atoms and the creation of a new type of electromagnetic induced transparency for quantum dot photons on resonance with rubidium transitions. Given the short lifetime of our quantum dot transition the observed dynamics cannot be explained in the established steady-state picture. Our results play a pivotal role in understanding quantum light-matter interactions at short time scales. These findings demonstrate a fundamental active node to construct future large-scale hybrid quantum networks.
Summary form only given. Quantum networks consist of many quantum memory nodes that are interconnected via photonic links, transporting single photons carrying quantum information. In the future, such quantum networks may enable: high-speed quantum cryptography for unconditionally secure communication; large-scale quantum computers; and quantum simulators that will allow for exponential speed-up in solving specific complex problems. A promising route towards functional quantum network nodes is the heterogeneous approach [1], where different and separately optimized physical systems are used for single photon generation and storage. For example semiconductor quantum dots may be used as efficient, fast and deterministic single photon sources, while atomic ensembles allow for efficient storage of these photons.We demonstrate a photonic memory in warm Rb vapour with on-demand storage and retrieval, based on electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT). The memory is suitable for storing single photons emitted by a GaAs droplet quantum dots [2] embedded into a state-of-the-art photonic structures [3]. With our experiments we close the gap between low speed quantum memories with acceptance bandwidth well below 100 MHz and ultra-high speed memories with acceptance bandwidth above 1 GHz. We find that in this intermediate regime vapour cell memories offer an excellent compromise between storage efficiency, storage time and experimental complexity.
Quantum memories can substantially increase the efficiency of long-distance communications by synchronizing entanglement swapping operations in quantum repeater nodes. To build a quantum memory, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in atomic vapors can be exploited to coherently store light pulses even at room temperatures. As a quantum source of light, semiconductor quantum dots (QD) offer bright on-demand single photons with high purity.4 Interfacing QDs with atomic vapors has been shown by “slow light” but a quantum memory for QDs is yet to be demonstrated. In this work, we develop an EIT quantum memory hosted in warm cesium vapor. Storage of faint coherent light pulses on the single photon level shows high storage efficiency. A measured bandwidth in the order of 200 MHz makes the memory compatible with the Fourier-limited emission of QDs embedded in micropillar cavities. We show the first attempts to interface the emission from a QD-micropillar with our quantum memory by finetuning the emission wavelength of the emitters to one of the hyperfine transitions in Cs, where the EIT memory takes place. This work sets the base for a hybrid quantum memory based on atomic ensembles for an on-demand semiconductor single-photon source.
In forthcoming quantum networks various quantum systems might be involved to accomplish individual tasks, including storage of quantum states, quantum logic operations, error correction, or entanglement distillation. An interface between a single photon emitter and a potential photon storage could provide one fundamental building block of such a hybrid quantum system. Semiconductor quantum dots (QD) and atomic vapors have already been brought together by single photon spectroscopy of cesium and rubidium [1,2], narrow filtering of QD resonance fluorescence in cesium [3], slowing down QD photons by dispersion between the 6.8 GHz hyperfine-split rubidium D2transitions [4] and in the middle of the four cesium D1 transitions [5] (at around 5.0 GHz in Fig. 1 b).In our experiment the neutrally charged excitonic transition of a strain-tunable InGaAs QD is pumped either resonantly or non-resonantly by a pulsed laser. The QD emission is set between two cesium D1 transitions at 894 nm, which are hyperfine-split only by 1.2 GHz, with a very strong dispersion compared to preceding studies [4,5]. This allows for delay times of a few nanoseconds even at low optical densities, resulting in a propagation velocity at the order of 1/20 of the vacuum speed of light. Such a single photon - atom interface might lay the foundations for a low-loss quantum memory in a future hybrid quantum network.