Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

FBGs in PCF for Four-Wave Mixing Sources for Quantum Optics

Alex I. Flint, Will A. M. Smith, Alex O. C. Davis, Rex H. S. Bannerman, Paul C. Gow, James C. Gates, Devin H. Smith, Peter J. Mosley, Peter G. R. Smith

Published Jun 26, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) offer a high degree of design flexibility, particularly in terms of dispersion control, making them ideal for nonlinear optical processes. These fibers have found applications in various photonic fields, including fiber lasers [1] and single-photon generation [2]. Dispersion control allows for efficient four-wave mixing at desired wavelengths, which can be used in quantum optical sources. These processes require or are enhanced by the use of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) in the fiber. For example, in PCF-based FWM heralded single photon sources, FBGs can be used to filter out unwanted noise contributions, such as Raman noise. However, current filtering methods are lossy [3], making it desirable to integrate filters into the fibers themselves. Additionally, specially designed PCFs with FBGs can be used for in-fiber OPOs to generate squeezed light.

DOI
10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec57999.2023.10231951

Related papers

Tailoring the dispersion of photonic crystal fibers for supercontinuum and photon pairs generation

Antonio Diez, Miguel Vicente Andrés, Enrique Silvestre +5 more

The interplay between chromatic dispersion and nonlinear effects is patent. Once a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) preform has been prepared, changing the parameters that control the fabrication process it is possible to adjust the dispersion properties of the fiber. In addition, it is very useful to develop postprocessing techniques that enable a fine adjustment of the dispersion along a section of PCF. The tapering of PCF, using a fusion and pulling technique, has been established as a rather useful technique to engineer the dispersion properties along tens of centimeters. Some of our recent experiments demonstrate that the use of erbium doped PCF enables an optical control of the dispersion through optical pumping of the rare earth ions. Our interest is focused on the exploitation of nonlinear PCF for the development of fiber light sources. Thus, we will present several experiments on supercontinuum and photon pairs generation, through degenerated four-wave mixing (FWM), in order to illustrate the control that one can achieve on the optical spectra of these light sources as a function of different dispersion control approaches.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Aug 10, 2011•0 citations

Fiber Source of Biphotons with Ultrabroad Frequency Tuneability

Santiago Lopez-Huidobro, Markus Lippl, Nicolas Y. Joly +1 more

Photon pairs (biphotons) are ubiquitous in quantum technologies. In particular, in quantum imaging and spectroscopy they enable measurements in hard-to-access spectral ranges [1] and increased sensitivity [2] . Among different sources of biphotons, four-wave mixing (FWM) in optical fibers is most efficient due to the large nonlinear interaction lengths and easy integrability into optical networks. However, fiber sources are usually not tuneable except by tuning the pump wavelength. Hollow-core photonic crystals fibers (PCF) filled by noble gas solve this problem: their dispersion landscape can be tailored by simply changing the gas pressure [3] , [4] . Additionally, they are free from Raman scattering and have a higher damage threshold than solid-core fibers [4] .

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)•Jun 21, 2021•0 citations

Quantum photon pair generation in hollow-core photonic crystal fibers: a simulation-based study

Amir Sepahvand, M. Amniat-Talab, Maryam Karimi

We present a comprehensive numerical investigation of entangled photon pair generation via spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCFs). By analyzing various fiber geometries, dispersion profiles, and anti-resonant characteristics, we identify optimal configurations that enhance photon-pair generation efficiency. Our study highlights the crucial roles of group velocity dispersion engineering, pump parameters, and phase-matching conditions in shaping the joint spectral amplitude (JSA) of the emitted photons. Utilizing gas-filled or evacuated HC-PCFs significantly reduces Raman noise by minimizing field overlap with the glass, while maintaining strong nonlinear interactions. The results reveal practical regimes for improving spectral purity and heralding efficiency. These findings provide practical design guidelines for scalable, low-noise quantum light sources suitable for quantum communication technologies. We bridge fiber design and nonlinear optics to create a predictive model and practical design charts for application-specific quantum light sources.

Optics Continuum•Sep 2, 2025•1 citation

Frequency translation of quantum states of light by four-wave mixing in optical fiber

M. G. Raymer, Hayden McGuinness, S. J. van Enk +2 more

The authors consider, experimentally and theoretically, the quantum frequency translation (i.e., noiseless conversion) of quantum states of light, including single-photon states. This process is useful for allowing quantum optical systems (atoms, ions, cavities, fibers, detectors) operating at different wavelengths to communicate with each other. The authors recently developed the process of frequency translation in optical fiber through use of the Bragg scattering four-wave mixing process. The high nonlinearity and the ability to control dispersion in photonic crystal fiber (PCF) enable efficient translation between nearby photon channels within the visible to-near-infrared spectral range, useful in quantum networks. This offers an important advantage compared with frequency translation using second-order nonlinear optical crystals, which limits the translation process to widely separated frequencies only.

IEEE/LEOS Summer Topical Meetings•Jul 1, 2011•0 citations

Quantum Frequency Translation of Single-Photon States in a Photonic Crystal Fiber

Hayden McGuinness, Michael G. Raymer, Colin J. McKinstrie +1 more

We experimentally demonstrate frequency translation of a nonclassical optical field via four-wave mixing (Bragg-scattering process) in a photonic crystal fiber (PCF). The high nonlinearity and the ability to control dispersion in PCF enable efficient translation between nearby photon channels within the visible to-near-infrared spectral range, useful in quantum networks. Heralded single photons at 683 nm were translated to 659 nm with an efficiency of 28.6±2.2 percent. Second-order correlation measurements on the 683- and 659-nm fields yielded g(683)(2) (0)=0.21±0.02 and g(659)(2) (0)=0.19±0.05, respectively, showing the nonclassical nature of both fields.

arXiv:1006.4350•Physical Review Letters•Aug 27, 2010•254 citations

Wavelength shift of four-wave mixing bands in photonic crystal fibers pumped in the normal dispersion regime

Lorena Velázquez-Ibarra, Antonio Diez, Enrique Silvestre +4 more

The generation of correlated photon pairs plays a central role in several quantum mechanics applications, such as quantum information, and cryptography. Correlated photon pairs can be generated inside an optical fiber through the parametric process of degenerated four-wave mixing (FWM). In this paper the authors report the results of two different experiments where wavelength shift of FWM bands in normal dispersive PCFs is investigated.

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)•May 1, 2011•0 citations
Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) offer a high degree of design flexibility, particularly in terms of dispersion control, making them ideal for nonlinear optical processes. These fibers have found applications in various photonic fields, including fiber lasers [1] and single-photon generation [2]. Dispersion control allows for efficient four-wave mixing at desired wavelengths, which can be used in quantum optical sources. These processes require or are enhanced by the use of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) in the fiber. For example, in PCF-based FWM heralded single photon sources, FBGs can be used to filter out unwanted noise contributions, such as Raman noise. However, current filtering methods are lossy [3], making it desirable to integrate filters into the fibers themselves. Additionally, specially designed PCFs with FBGs can be used for in-fiber OPOs to generate squeezed light.
The interplay between chromatic dispersion and nonlinear effects is patent. Once a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) preform has been prepared, changing the parameters that control the fabrication process it is possible to adjust the dispersion properties of the fiber. In addition, it is very useful to develop postprocessing techniques that enable a fine adjustment of the dispersion along a section of PCF. The tapering of PCF, using a fusion and pulling technique, has been established as a rather useful technique to engineer the dispersion properties along tens of centimeters. Some of our recent experiments demonstrate that the use of erbium doped PCF enables an optical control of the dispersion through optical pumping of the rare earth ions. Our interest is focused on the exploitation of nonlinear PCF for the development of fiber light sources. Thus, we will present several experiments on supercontinuum and photon pairs generation, through degenerated four-wave mixing (FWM), in order to illustrate the control that one can achieve on the optical spectra of these light sources as a function of different dispersion control approaches.
Photon pairs (biphotons) are ubiquitous in quantum technologies. In particular, in quantum imaging and spectroscopy they enable measurements in hard-to-access spectral ranges [1] and increased sensitivity [2] . Among different sources of biphotons, four-wave mixing (FWM) in optical fibers is most efficient due to the large nonlinear interaction lengths and easy integrability into optical networks. However, fiber sources are usually not tuneable except by tuning the pump wavelength. Hollow-core photonic crystals fibers (PCF) filled by noble gas solve this problem: their dispersion landscape can be tailored by simply changing the gas pressure [3] , [4] . Additionally, they are free from Raman scattering and have a higher damage threshold than solid-core fibers [4] .
We present a comprehensive numerical investigation of entangled photon pair generation via spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCFs). By analyzing various fiber geometries, dispersion profiles, and anti-resonant characteristics, we identify optimal configurations that enhance photon-pair generation efficiency. Our study highlights the crucial roles of group velocity dispersion engineering, pump parameters, and phase-matching conditions in shaping the joint spectral amplitude (JSA) of the emitted photons. Utilizing gas-filled or evacuated HC-PCFs significantly reduces Raman noise by minimizing field overlap with the glass, while maintaining strong nonlinear interactions. The results reveal practical regimes for improving spectral purity and heralding efficiency. These findings provide practical design guidelines for scalable, low-noise quantum light sources suitable for quantum communication technologies. We bridge fiber design and nonlinear optics to create a predictive model and practical design charts for application-specific quantum light sources.
The authors consider, experimentally and theoretically, the quantum frequency translation (i.e., noiseless conversion) of quantum states of light, including single-photon states. This process is useful for allowing quantum optical systems (atoms, ions, cavities, fibers, detectors) operating at different wavelengths to communicate with each other. The authors recently developed the process of frequency translation in optical fiber through use of the Bragg scattering four-wave mixing process. The high nonlinearity and the ability to control dispersion in photonic crystal fiber (PCF) enable efficient translation between nearby photon channels within the visible to-near-infrared spectral range, useful in quantum networks. This offers an important advantage compared with frequency translation using second-order nonlinear optical crystals, which limits the translation process to widely separated frequencies only.
We experimentally demonstrate frequency translation of a nonclassical optical field via four-wave mixing (Bragg-scattering process) in a photonic crystal fiber (PCF). The high nonlinearity and the ability to control dispersion in PCF enable efficient translation between nearby photon channels within the visible to-near-infrared spectral range, useful in quantum networks. Heralded single photons at 683 nm were translated to 659 nm with an efficiency of 28.6±2.2 percent. Second-order correlation measurements on the 683- and 659-nm fields yielded g(683)(2) (0)=0.21±0.02 and g(659)(2) (0)=0.19±0.05, respectively, showing the nonclassical nature of both fields.