In this paper, we investigated the dynamics of entanglement of two identical charge qubits with Josephson junctions in the case when one of the qubits is exposed to a microwave field in a coherent or thermal state. We have found the exact solution of the quantum time equation of evolution of the system under consideration for the statistical operator in the case of initial separable and entangled states of qubits. The exact solution for the complete statistical operator is used to calculate the qubit entanglement criterion - concurrence. The results of numerical simulation of the time dependence of the concurrence in the case of the coherent field showed that, with a certain choice of model parameters, the system can realize long-lived entangled states. It is also shown that for the thermal state of the field and the entangled initial state of qubits, the qubits retain a certain degree of entanglement during evolution even in the case of very intensive fields. In this case, for any intensities of thermal noise, there is no effect of the sudden death of entanglement.
In this paper, we investigated the dynamics of entanglement of two identical charge qubits with Josephson junctions in the case when one of the qubits is exposed to a microwave field in a coherent or thermal state. We have found the exact solution of the quantum time equation of evolution of the system under consideration for the statistical operator in the case of initial separable and entangled states of qubits. The exact solution for the complete statistical operator is used to calculate the qubit entanglement criterion - concurrence. The results of numerical simulation of the time dependence of the concurrence in the case of the coherent field showed that, with a certain choice of model parameters, the system can realize long-lived entangled states. It is also shown that for the thermal state of the field and the entangled initial state of qubits, the qubits retain a certain degree of entanglement during evolution even in the case of very intensive fields. In this case, for any intensities of thermal noise, there is no effect of the sudden death of entanglement.
Background. The need to implement controlled coupling between qubits, which are the logical elements of quantum devices such as quantum computers and quantum networks, requires, along with the use of traditional methods, the development of new, more effective ways to organize the interaction of qubits with the microwave fields of resonators used to generate and control the entanglement of qubits. As one of these methods, a method based on the influence of frequency-regulated radio frequency signals on a superconducting Josephson qubit connected by a large Josephson junction to a free qubit has been proposed. Aim. The influence of the Kerr medium of the resonator, in which one of the two qubits is placed, on their entanglement induced by the coherent or thermal frequency-regulated radio frequency field of the resonator is considered. Methods. To analyze the dynamics of the system under consideration, the solution of the quantum Liouville equation for the full density matrix is studied. An exact solution o this equation is found in the case of initial separable and entangled states of qubits. The exact solution of the evolution equation is used to calculate the criterion of qubit-qubit entanglement – cconcurrence. Numerical modeling of the concurrence was carried out for various states of qubits, coherent and thermal fields of the resonator, as well as various values of the intensity of the resonator field and the Kerr nonlinearity parameter. Results. It is shown that for separable initial states of qubits, the inclusion of Kerr nonlinearity reduces the maximum degree of entanglement of qubits. For an entangled initial state of qubits, the possibility of creating long-lived entangled states in the presence of Kerr nonlinearity is shown. Conclusion. The type of initial states of qubits and the range of values of the intensities of the resonator fields and the Kerr nonlinearity parameters have been established, for which the most effective control and operation of the evolution of qubits, as well as the degree of their entanglement, in the physical system under consideration, is possible.
In this work, we have studied the dynamics of entanglement of two identical superconducting qubits resonantly interacting with the one-mode field of a coplanar microwave cavity without loss through single-photon transitions in the presence of third- and fifth-order nonlinearities. Based on the solution of the equation of evolution of the system for the Fock initial states of the cavity field, the criterion of qubits entanglement negativity is calculated. The results of the negativity calculation show that for the initial separable states, the cavity nonlinearity can lead to a significant increase in the maximum degree of qubit entanglement. It is shown that for the initial entangledstates of qubits and intense cavity fields, taking into account nonlinearities leads to stabilization of the degree of entanglement of qubits in the cavity and contributes to the disappearance of the effect of the entanglement sudden death of qubits.
Background. To operate a quantum computer, a set of universal gates must be implemented, such as a two-cubit gate of the controlled negation type plus one-cubit spins. As a universal alternative, three-cubic-bit gates may be used. In this regard, it seems very relevant to investigate the dynamics of three-qubit systems in microwave resonators, in particular to study the most efficient schemes for generating, controlling, and monitoring entangled qubit states. Aim. To investigate the features of the dynamics of entangled pairs of qubits for a system in which two qubits are locked in a single-mode resonator and interact with the thermal field mode, and the third qubit is in a free state. Methods. To analyze the dynamics of the considered system, the solution of the quantum Liouville equation for the full density matrix is investigated. The exact solution of the above equation in the case of initial biseparable states of the qubits is found. The exact solution of the evolution equation is used to calculate the criterion of entanglement of qubit pairs – negativity. Numerical simulations of negativity for biseparable qubit states as well as different values of the thermal field intensity of the resonator have been carried out. Results. It is shown that for intense thermal fields of the resonator the effect of instantaneous death of entanglement is observed, while the time intervals between death and revival of entanglement of qubits depend essentially on the choice of their initial biseparable state. It is found that for one of the biseparable states, entanglement of qubits trapped in the resonator does not occur at any field intensities of the resonator. Conclusion. It is found that the peculiarities of the dynamics of entanglement of qubits, in particular the time intervals between the death and birth of entangled qubits, are determined by the choice of the initial biseparable state of qubits, as well as by the values of the field intensity of the resonator. The results obtained can be used to effectively control and manage the degree of qubit entanglement in three-qubit systems in microwave resonators.
The system consisting of two identical artificial atoms (qubits), resonantly interacting with the mode of quantum field of an ideal microwave cavity in the presence o Abstract The system consisting of two identical artificial atoms (qubits), resonantly interacting with the mode of quantum field of an ideal microwave cavity in the presence of Kerr nonlinearity, is considered. For the considered model, an exact solution of the quantum Liouville equation for the full density matrix of the system two qubits + resonator field mode is obtained. To solve the quantum equation of evolution, the representation of dressed states, that is, the eigenfunctions of the Hamiltonian, was used. A complete set of dressed states of the considered model is found. With its help, the solution of the evolution equation was initially found for coherent initial states of qubits and Fock states of the field, that is, states with a certain number of photons in the resonator mode. Then, the above solution was generalized to the case of the thermal state of the resonator field. A reduced density matrix of two qubits is found by averaging over the field variables. The two-qubit density matrix is used to calculate the parameter of qubit entanglement in the analytical form. Concurrence was chosen as a quantitative criterion for qubit entanglement. A numerical simulation of the time dependence of the consistency of qubits for various parameters of the model and the initial states of qubits was carried out. The most interesting result seems to be that taking into account the initial coherence of qubits in the model with Kerr nonlinearity leads to a significant increase in the maximum degree of entanglement of qubits induced by the thermal field, even in the case of high intensities of the resonator field. f Kerr nonlinearity, is considered. For the considered model, an exact solution of the quantum Liouville equation for the full density matrix of the system two qubits + resonator field mode is obtained. To solve the quantum equation of evolution, the representation of dressed states, that is, the eigenfunctions of the Hamiltonian, was used. A complete set of dressed states of the considered model is found. With its help, the solution of the evolution equation was initially found for coherent initial states of qubits and Fock states of the field, that is, states with a certain number of photons in the resonator mode. Then, the above solution was generalized to the case of the thermal state of the resonator field. A reduced density matrix of two qubits is found by averaging over the field variables. The two-qubit density matrix is used to calculate the parameter of qubit entanglement in the analytical form. Concurrence was chosen as a quantitative criterion for qubit entanglement. A numerical simulation of the time dependence of the consistency of qubits for various parameters of the model and the initial states of qubits was carried out. The most interesting result seems to be that taking into account the initial coherence of qubits in the model with Kerr nonlinearity leads to a significant increase in the maximum degree of entanglement of qubits induced by the thermal field, even in the case of high intensities of the resonator field.
In this article, we have studied the entanglement dynamics of three identical qubits (natural or artificial two-level atoms) resonantly interacting with the one mode of the thermal field of a microwave lossless resonator via one-photon transitions. An exact solution of the quantum time Schrodinger equation is found for the total wave function of the system for the initial separable and entangled states of qubits and the Fock initial state of the resonator. On the basis of this solution, an exact solution of the quantum Liouville equation for the total time-dependent density matrix of the system in the case of a thermal field of the resonator is constructed. The exact solution for the full density matrix is used to calculate the criterion of entanglement of pairs of qubits negativity. The resultsof numerical simulation of the time dependence of the negativity of pairs of qubits showed that with an increase in the intensity of the thermal resonator field, the degree of entanglement of pairs of qubits decreases. It is also shown that In the model under consideration, for any initial states of qubits and intensities of the thermal field of the resonator, the effect of sudden death of entanglement takes place. This behavior of the entanglement parameter in the model under consideration differs from that in the two-qubit model. For two-qubit model, the effect of the sudden death of entanglement takes place only for the initial entangled states of qubits and intense thermal fields of the resonator.