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Does the Global Consciousness Project Provide 7-sigma Proof of Quantum Retrocausality?

Avanti Shrikumar

Published Aug 28, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A meta-analysis of Princeton's Global Consciousness Project (GCP) of 500 pre-registered experiments from 1998-2015 found that, during periods of strong coherence in people's thoughts (e.g. after a terrorist attack), random number generators (RNGs) based on quantum tunneling are more likely to produce correlated results (Z=7.31, p < 1E-12). This was not observed for duration-matched control periods, for which the results closely matched the null hypothesis. The RNGs used supply a raw bitstream generated by quantum tunneling through a bias correction that deterministically flips 50% of the bits to create the final bitstream (e.g. 11110000 may be flipped to 10100101). The final bitstreams are thus by design uncorrelated with the output of the quantum tunneling, implying that the observed correlations, which were in the final bitstreams, cannot readily be explained by a causal factor biasing the result of the quantum tunneling, as any such bias would not propagate to the final bitstreams. Instead, coherence in thought appears to bias the final (consciously observed) bitstreams, which then "retrocausally" influence the history of quantum tunneling events as needed to reflect this bias after bit flipping. If we posit that hidden variables governing quantum randomness exist, are impacted by coherence in consciousness, and act by adjusting the probabilities associated with the final observations so as to deviate subtly from Born's rule, we find a mechanism that does not contradict established physics. Here I assess the GCP's reported experimental procedures and find that, although at times poorly described, they are consistent with established statistics. I also perform a spectral analysis on public GCP timeseries data that supports a model in which the consciousness-linked effect acts in waves. These findings are not cause for alarm; such phenomena, if real, have always been real--but by choosing to study rather than ignore them, we can use them for our benefit.

DOI
10.31234/osf.io/c8hpr

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A meta-analysis of Princeton's Global Consciousness Project (GCP) of 500 pre-registered experiments from 1998-2015 found that, during periods of strong coherence in people's thoughts (e.g. after a terrorist attack), random number generators (RNGs) based on quantum tunneling are more likely to produce correlated results (Z=7.31, p < 1E-12). This was not observed for duration-matched control periods, for which the results closely matched the null hypothesis. The RNGs used supply a raw bitstream generated by quantum tunneling through a bias correction that deterministically flips 50% of the bits to create the final bitstream (e.g. 11110000 may be flipped to 10100101). The final bitstreams are thus by design uncorrelated with the output of the quantum tunneling, implying that the observed correlations, which were in the final bitstreams, cannot readily be explained by a causal factor biasing the result of the quantum tunneling, as any such bias would not propagate to the final bitstreams. Instead, coherence in thought appears to bias the final (consciously observed) bitstreams, which then "retrocausally" influence the history of quantum tunneling events as needed to reflect this bias after bit flipping. If we posit that hidden variables governing quantum randomness exist, are impacted by coherence in consciousness, and act by adjusting the probabilities associated with the final observations so as to deviate subtly from Born's rule, we find a mechanism that does not contradict established physics. Here I assess the GCP's reported experimental procedures and find that, although at times poorly described, they are consistent with established statistics. I also perform a spectral analysis on public GCP timeseries data that supports a model in which the consciousness-linked effect acts in waves. These findings are not cause for alarm; such phenomena, if real, have always been real--but by choosing to study rather than ignore them, we can use them for our benefit.
The Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research Laboratory (PEAR, 1979–2007) and the Global Consciousness Project (GCP, 1998–present) have produced statistically significant evidence that quantum random event generators (REGs) exhibit small but systematic deviations from chance expectation in correlation with human intention and global emotional coherence. These results — approximately 10⁻⁴ bits per bit at PEAR (Z ≈ 4 in the benchmark experiment; Jahn et al., 1997) and >6σ network variance at GCP — have no explanation within standard quantum mechanics. This paper provides a theoretical framework for these phenomena within the Quantum Blueprint Formalism (QBF). The argument proceeds in five steps. (1) The Mother Equation on the pre-coherent space Mₛ is deterministic for the process intensity ρ. (2) The Mori–Zwanzig projection onto the physical spacetime MΘ produces a Langevin equation with a noise term ξ(t) that contains the deterministic dynamics of all dimensions lost in the projection — including the reflexive coordinates of consciousness. (3) A quantum random event generator operates at the degenerate point where the two pointer states have equal depth in Φ; the noise term ξ(t) therefore determines the outcome entirely, making the REG the unique physical system that amplifies the hidden dynamics to macroscopic visibility. (4) The cross-circulation Ω₀₁ between physical and reflexive coordinates produces a correlation between the noise term and the observer’s consciousness; this correlation is marginally invisible (the Born rule holds as an ensemble average) but conditionally present (individual sequences correlate with specific intentions). (5) The “information field” is identified with the full non-factorisable process intensity ρ on Mₛ, whose projections onto different target manifolds produce physics (MΘ), consciousness (MΨ), and self-consciousness (MΣ) as co-projections of a single reality.
Quantum mechanics (QM) proposes that a quantum system measurement does not register a pre-existing reality but rather establishes reality from the superposition of potential states. Measurement reduces the quantum state according to a probability function, the Born rule, realizing one of the potential states. Consequently, a classical reality is observed. The strict randomness of the measurement outcome is well-documented (and theoretically predicted) and implies a strict indeterminacy in the physical world’s fundamental constituents. Wolfgang Pauli, with Carl Gustav Jung, extended the QM framework to measurement outcomes that are meaningfully related to human observers, providing a psychophysical theory of quantum state reductions. The Pauli-Jung model (PJM) proposes the existence of observer influences on quantum measurement outcomes rooted in the observer’s unconscious mind. The correlations between quantum state reductions and (un)conscious states of observers derived from the PJM and its mathematical reformulation within the model of pragmatic information (MPI) were empirically tested. In all studies, a subliminal priming paradigm was used to induce a biased likelihood for specific quantum measurement outcomes (i.e., a higher probability of positive picture presentations; Studies 1 and 2) or more pronounced oscillations of the evidence than expected by chance for such an effect (Studies 3 and 4). The replicability of these effects was also tested. Although Study 1 found strong initial evidence for such effects, later replications (Studies 2 to 4) showed no deviations from the Born rule. The results thus align with standard QM, arguing against the incompleteness of standard QM in psychophysical settings like those established in the studies. However, although no positive evidence exists for the PJM and the MPI, the data do not entirely falsify the model’s validity.
According to reference [1], it has been shown through experiments utilizing quantum entanglement phenomena that the real world is not described by a wave function, but is instead a branching universe that splits into multiple worlds. By improving this experimental method and equipping it with a type of random number generator, such as dice, and incorporating a mechanism to determine the presence or absence of slit removal operations based on the number rolled, it is demonstrated that this experimental device can not only prove the existence of branching universes but also serve as a device to generate new branching universes where a specific number on the dice continues to appear. Furthermore, it is suggested that there may be interactions between such physical devices and human consciousness, leading to the Global Consciousness Project which was initiated in 1998. This paper also considers the relationship with experiments in parapsychology.
A vivid discussion revolves around the role of the human mind in the quantum measurement process. While some authors argue that conscious observation is a necessary element to achieve the transition from quantum to classical states during measurement (Wigner, 1963), some go even further and propose a more active influence of the human mind on the probabilities of quantum measurement outcomes (e.g. Atmanspacher, Römer, & Walach, 2002; Penrose & Hameroff, 2011). This proposition was tested in micro-psychokinesis (micro-Pk) research were intentional observer effects on quantum random number generators (RNGs) were investigated. In the studies presented here we extended this line of research and tested the impact unconscious goals on micro-Pk. Our focus was cigarette addiction as an unconscious drive and hypothesized that regular cigarette smokers would influence the outcome of a quantum RNG that determined whether the participant was going to see a smoking-related or a neutral picture. Study 1 revealed strong evidence for micro-Pk (BF = 66.06) supporting the H1. As expected, no deviation from chance was found with non-smokers. In Study 2, a pre-registered highly powered replication attempt, failed to reproduce this result and showed strong evidence for H0 (BF = 11.07). When the data from both studies are combined a remarkable change in effect across time (resembling a combination of appearance followed by decline) can be seen only in the smoker’s subsample. Appearance-and-decline effects were absent in the non-smokers sample and in a simulation. Based on von Lucadou’s Model of Pragmatic Information we suggest that (micro-)Pk effects follow a systematic pattern comparable to a dampened harmonic oscillation. This concept may shed new light on past and future Pk research.
Even if the output of a Random Number Generator (RNG) is perfectly uniformly distributed, it may be correlated to pre-existing information and therefore be predictable. Statistical tests are thus not sufficient to guarantee that an RNG is usable for applications, e.g., in cryptography or gambling, where unpredictability is important. To enable such applications a stronger notion of randomness, termed "true randomness", is required, which includes independence from prior information. Quantum systems are particularly suitable for true randomness generation, as their unpredictability can be proved based on physical principles. Practical implementations of Quantum RNGs (QRNGs) are however always subject to noise, i.e., influences which are not fully controlled. This reduces the quality of the raw randomness generated by the device, making it necessary to post-process it. Here we provide a framework to analyse realistic QRNGs and to determine the post-processing that is necessary to turn their raw output into true randomness.
In this piece, written for a general audience, we propose a mechanism for quantum entanglement. The key ingredient is collider bias. In the language of causal models, a collider is a variable causally influenced by two or more other variables. Conditioning on a collider typically produces non-causal correlations between its contributing causes. This phenomenon can produce associations analogous to Bell correlations, in suitable post-selected ensembles. Such collider artefacts may become real connections, resembling causality, if a collider is 'constrained' (e.g., by a future boundary condition). We consider the time-reversed analogues of these points in the context of retrocausal models of QM. Retrocausality yields a collider at the source of an EPR-Bell particle pair, and in this case constraint of the collider is possible by normal methods of experimental preparation. It follows that connections resembling causality may emerge across such colliders, from one branch of the experiment to the other. Our hypothesis is that this constrained retrocausal collider bias is the origin of entanglement. This piece is based on a suggestion first made in arXiv:2101.05370v4 [quant-ph], and is an ancestor of an essay now published online in Aeon magazine [Price & Wharton 2023a]. In an updated version of the argument in arXiv:2309.10969 [quant-ph] we (i) demonstrate its application in a real Bell experiment; and (ii) show that we can do without an explicit postulate of retrocausality