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Physica Scripta

Camouflaged cryptosystem based on optical diffractive imaging

Lin Zou, Zhiying Zhang, Haitao Yu, Zhi Zhong, Mingguang Shan, Lei Liu

Published Aug 29, 2023• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract A camouflaged cryptosystem based on optical diffractive imaging is proposed in this paper. During the encryption process, a camouflaged image is first encoded into an intensity image by optical diffractive imaging, which is stored and transmitted as a fake ciphertext. Then a secret image is encoded into two generated phase masks(GPMs) with the fake ciphertext as the amplitude constraint by cascading phase encoding. The ciphertext and random phase masks(RPMs) used in the optical diffractive imaging are transmitted to the receivers via a common channel, while GPMs are transmitted via a private channel. The common channel can be accessed by both authorized receivers and potential illegal intruders. Therefore, illegal intruders can just obtain the camouflaged image by the fake ciphertext and RPMs, while only authorized receivers with the fake ciphertext and GPMs can retrieve the secret image. The decoded camouflaged image would confuse the illegal users and provide additional security protection for the secret image. The feasibility and security of this cryptosystem would by verified by several simulation experiments.

DOI
10.1088/1402-4896/acf4c6

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Abstract A camouflaged cryptosystem based on optical diffractive imaging is proposed in this paper. During the encryption process, a camouflaged image is first encoded into an intensity image by optical diffractive imaging, which is stored and transmitted as a fake ciphertext. Then a secret image is encoded into two generated phase masks(GPMs) with the fake ciphertext as the amplitude constraint by cascading phase encoding. The ciphertext and random phase masks(RPMs) used in the optical diffractive imaging are transmitted to the receivers via a common channel, while GPMs are transmitted via a private channel. The common channel can be accessed by both authorized receivers and potential illegal intruders. Therefore, illegal intruders can just obtain the camouflaged image by the fake ciphertext and RPMs, while only authorized receivers with the fake ciphertext and GPMs can retrieve the secret image. The decoded camouflaged image would confuse the illegal users and provide additional security protection for the secret image. The feasibility and security of this cryptosystem would by verified by several simulation experiments.
An optical image encryption method is proposed based on Fourier single-pixel imaging and iterated phase retrieval algorithm. First, a binary barcode image containing two groups of horizontal strips is randomly generated and used as the target image in the single-pixel imaging process. Second, considering the barcode image as the amplitude constraint, the original plaintext image is encoded to two phase-only masks using a designed phase retrieval algorithm in Fresnel domain, and these masks are applied as secret keys. Finally, the barcode image is encrypted to a series of measurements using two-step phase shift Fourier single-pixel imaging as the ciphertext. Differing other methods, the original image is not directly imaged and encoded into the ciphertext. Even the ciphertext is obtained by a cracker, only the barcode image may be further discovered. Due to two phase-only masks as secret keys, the security level of the cryptosystem can be enhanced greatly. The simulated results verify the feasibility of the proposed method, and this work provides an effective alternative for the related research.
We develop a phase-modulated optical system with sparse representation for information encoding and authentication. The optical cryptosystem is developed with cascaded phase-only masks, and the plaintext is encoded into the cascaded phase-only masks based on an iterative phase retrieval algorithm during the encryption. Two simple strategies are developed to generate sparse data: The sparse data are randomly generated from the extracted phase-only masks, and sparse data are randomly generated from the plaintext. These two sparsity strategies are respectively used in the proposed optical security system, and the decrypted images cannot visually render information about the plaintext. Optical authentication method is further applied to verify the decrypted images. It is illustrated that the optical authentication operation with sparsity strategy can provide an additional security layer for the optical security system.
We report a simultaneous image compression and encryption scheme based on solving a typical optical inverse problem. The secret images to be processed are multiplexed as the input intensities of a cascaded diffractive optical system. At the output plane, a compressed complex-valued data with a lot fewer measurements can be obtained by utilizing error-reduction phase retrieval algorithm. The magnitude of the output image can serve as the final ciphertext while its phase serves as the decryption key. Therefore the compression and encryption are simultaneously completed without additional encoding and filtering operations. The proposed strategy can be straightforwardly applied to the existing optical security systems that involve diffraction and interference. Numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the validity and security of the proposal.
We propose an asymmetric optical image encryption scheme that uses an amplitude and phase mixture retrieval of the Yang-Gu algorithm. The encryption process is realized by employing a cascaded Yang-Gu algorithm together with two random phase masks that serve as the public encryption keys. The two private keys are generated in the encryption process and are randomly distributed binary matrices to be used for performing one-way binary phase modulations. Without the private keys, illegal users cannot retrieve the secret image. Numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate the validity and security of the proposed scheme.
Abstract For the purpose of alleviating the vulnerability of double random phase encryption system in the linear canonical transform domain, a novel approach for optical security and cryptographic systems is presented. This proposed system uses a fully phase encoding technique to augment the security of encryption system in the linear canonical transform. The first step in this system involves phase encoding of the initial amplitude image to be ciphered and then modulated by the phase masks. The decryption process of image is the reversal operation of the encryption method. The effectiveness and sensitivity of our proposed cryptosystem for the encryption secret keys are verified. The resistance of our method against occlusion attacks is investigated. Moreover, the results demonstrate that the fully phase-based optical cryptosystem is more secure and robust than the amplitude-based scheme in a linear canonical domain.
Cryptanalysis revealed a security flaw in the double random phase encoding (DRPE) system, and the original image was recovered via a ciphertext-only attack. In this paper, a nonergodic scrambling phase mask (NESPM) is designed, and a security-enhanced cryptosystem is established by replacing the bonded random phase mask (RPM) in the DRPE system with the designed NESPM. The original image in the security-enhanced cryptosystem is optically scrambled at "macropixel" level by the bonded NESPM, instead of being diffused by the RPM, as in the DRPE system. Due to such a scrambling operation, the ergodic property of the Fourier-plane speckle pattern in the designed cryptosystem is removed, and the original image cannot be recovered via the attack. Experimental results demonstrate that the designed cryptosystem is resistant to the attack. Security enhancement is achieved.