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Quantum Information Processing

Optimal quantum image encryption algorithm with the QPSO-BP neural network-based pseudo random number generator

Jing‐Yi Dai, Nanrun Zhou

Published Aug 21, 2023• 17 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s11128-023-04071-5

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Quantum computing has emerged as a transformative field, offering unprecedented capabilities that promise to revolutionize various domains such as cryptography, data encoding, and information processing. This study explores the potential of quantum systems and their associated phenomena in generating pseudo-random numbers, image encryption, and multigraph representation. Initially, this research proposes an algorithm leveraging quasi-probabilities inherent in quantum mechanics to construct a Pseudo Random Number Generator (PRNG) from a small quantum system. Through rigorous testing, the ability of this approach to generate deterministic sequences of pseudo-random numbers is demonstrated, highlighting the efficiency and unpredictability of quantum-generated random numbers. Subsequently, an encryption and decryption algorithm based on the PRNG is developed and evaluated, analyzing its robustness against common attacks such as cropping, noise, and correlation. The findings underscore the heightened security offered by quantum-based encryption schemes, paving the way for fundamentally secure image transmission and storage. Moreover, this research introduces a novel framework for representing multigraphs within quantum systems. This innovative approach allows the generation of graphs with varying vertex or edge label density, opening new avenues for data representation and processing. Therefore, this study contributes to the advancement of quantum computing by demonstrating the efficacy of quantum systems in generating pseudo-random numbers, enhancing image encryption security, and offering insights into the representation of multigraphs within quantum contexts.
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Secure image transmission has become critical in the emerging quantum computing landscape. This research introduces a hybrid key quantum encryption approach that combines Quantum True Random Number Generation (QTRNG) and Quantum Pseudo Random Number Generation (QPRNG) to enhance security and efficiency. The proposed Quantum Hybrid Random Number Generator (QHRNG) integrates entanglement-based true randomness with structured pseudo-randomness using Hadamard, controlled rotation and Clifford gates to generate high-entropy encryption keys. The generated Quantum keys are applied to encrypt grayscale images using the Novel Enhanced Quantum Image Representation (NEQR). The encryption process is strengthened by quantum bit-level scrambling and selective Quantum Fourier Transform. The proposed method is implemented on Qiskit’s Aer and Basic simulators and validated on IBM’s torino quantum hardware. Compared to standalone QTRNG and QPRNG methods, QHRNG consistently provides higher randomness and stronger security in noisy and noiseless environments. This work offers a robust and future-ready framework for quantum secure image encryption.