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IEEE Access

High-Capacity Quantum Private Comparison Protocol With Six-Qubit Hyperentangled Bell States and Hypercoding

Jian Li, Fanting Che, Zhuo Wang, Jun Yang

Published Jan 1, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Based on the two-photon six-qubit hyperentangled Bell states and hyper-coding, a new high-capacity quantum privacy comparison (QPC) protocol is proposed to realize a high utilization of quantum resources. The protocol enables two particles of hyperentangled Bell states to compare the equality of 6 classical bits of secret information between two quantum users. The unitary operations are used to encode the secret information and achieve dense coding. In the proposed protocol, decoy photons and the quantum uncertainty principle are used to ensure transmission channel security and particle security. comparisons with other QPC protocols in terms of quantum resources and efficiency reveal that the proposed protocol has significant advantages in quantum efficiency.

DOI
10.1109/access.2023.3300571

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Based on the two-photon six-qubit hyperentangled Bell states and hyper-coding, a new high-capacity quantum privacy comparison (QPC) protocol is proposed to realize a high utilization of quantum resources. The protocol enables two particles of hyperentangled Bell states to compare the equality of 6 classical bits of secret information between two quantum users. The unitary operations are used to encode the secret information and achieve dense coding. In the proposed protocol, decoy photons and the quantum uncertainty principle are used to ensure transmission channel security and particle security. comparisons with other QPC protocols in terms of quantum resources and efficiency reveal that the proposed protocol has significant advantages in quantum efficiency.
Quantum private comparison (QPC) allows at least two users to compare the equality of their secret information, for which the security is based on the properties of quantum mechanics. To improve the use of quantum resources and the efficiency of private comparison, a new QPC protocol based on GHZ-like states is proposed. The protocol adopts unitary operations to encode the secret information instead of performing quantum key distribution (QKD), which can reduce the amount of computation required to perform QKD and improve the utilization of quantum resources. The decoy photon technique used to detect channel eavesdropping ensures that the protocol is resistant to external attacks. The quantum efficiency of the protocol reaches 66%. Compared with many previous QPC schemes, the proposed protocol does not need to share a key and has advantages in quantum efficiency and quantum resources.
In this paper, we propose a new protocol designed for quantum private comparison (QPC). This new protocol utilizes the hyperentanglement as the quantum resource and introduces a semi-honest third party (TP) to achieve the objective. This protocol’s quantum carrier is a hyperentangled three-photon GHZ state in 2 degrees of freedom (DOF), which could have 64 combinations. The TP can decide which combination to use based on the shared key information provided from a quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol. By doing so, the security of the protocol can be improved further. Decoy photon technology is also used as another means of security and checks if the transmission in the quantum channel is secure or not before sending the quantum carrier. The proposed protocol is proved to be able to fend off various kinds of eavesdropping attacks. In addition, the new QPC protocol also can compare secret inputs securely and efficiently.
Using the highly entangled six-qubit genuine state we present a quantum private comparison(QPC)protocol, which enables two users to compare the equality of two bits of their secrets in every round comparison with the assistance of a semi-honest third party(TP). The proposed protocol needs neither unitary operations nor quantum entanglement swapping technology, both of which may consume expensive quantum devices. Single particle measurements and Bell-basis measurements, which are easy to implement with current technologies, are employed by two users and TP in the proposed protocol, respectively. The proposed protocol can withstand all kinds of outside attacks and participant attacks. Moreover, none of information about the two users’ private secrets and the comparison result is leaked out to TP.
A new quantum private comparison(QPC) protocol using Bell states and Bell entanglement swapping was proposed and analyzed.In the proposed protocol,Bell states were used as the quantum resources,and further Bell measurements and entanglement swapping were performed as the main operations for dealing with the private comparison of equal information without revealing their information content.The third part(TP) prepares Bell states and decoy photons,then inserts the decoy photons to sequences which he want to send to users for security.Users don't need to carry out any local unitary operations and only need to perform Bell measurements,then they send their sequences after coding their private information respectively.TP can achieve the comparison of two bits of classical information by simple calculation.Finally,TP announced the result of the comparison.In addition,the correctness and security of our protocol were discussed.
Abstract Using the highly entangled six-qubit genuine state we present a quantum private comparison (QPC) protocol, which enables two users to compare the equality of two bits of their secrets in every round comparison with the assistance of a semi-honest third party (TP). The proposed protocol needs neither unitary operations nor quantum entanglement swapping technology, both of which may consume expensive quantum devices. Single particle measurements and Bell-basis measurements, which are easy to implement with current technologies, are employed by two users and TP in the proposed protocol, respectively. The proposed protocol can withstand all kinds of outside attacks and participant attacks. Moreover, none of information about the two users' private secrets and the comparison result is leaked out to TP.
Quantum private comparison (QPC) is a quantum cryptographic protocol designed to enable two mutually distrustful parties to securely compare sensitive data without disclosing their private information to each other or any external entities. This study proposes a novel QPC protocol that leverages Bell states to ensure data privacy, utilizing the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics. Within this framework, two participants, each possessing a secret integer, encode the binary representation of their values using Pauli-X and Pauli-Z operators applied to quantum states transmitted from a semi-honest third party (TP). The TP, which is bound to protocol compliance and prohibited from colluding with either participant, measures the received sequences to determine the comparison result without accessing the participants’ original inputs. Theoretical analyses and simulations validate the protocol’s strong security, high efficiency, and practical feasibility in quantum computing environments. An advantage of the proposed protocol lies in its optimized utilization of Bell states, which enhances qubit efficiency and experimental practicality. Moreover, the proposed protocol outperforms several existing Bell-state-based QPC schemes in terms of efficiency.