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Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics

Scheme of quantum private comparison via Bell states and Bell entanglement swapping

Sun Xin-me

Published Jan 1, 2013• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

A new quantum private comparison(QPC) protocol using Bell states and Bell entanglement swapping was proposed and analyzed.In the proposed protocol,Bell states were used as the quantum resources,and further Bell measurements and entanglement swapping were performed as the main operations for dealing with the private comparison of equal information without revealing their information content.The third part(TP) prepares Bell states and decoy photons,then inserts the decoy photons to sequences which he want to send to users for security.Users don't need to carry out any local unitary operations and only need to perform Bell measurements,then they send their sequences after coding their private information respectively.TP can achieve the comparison of two bits of classical information by simple calculation.Finally,TP announced the result of the comparison.In addition,the correctness and security of our protocol were discussed.

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A new quantum private comparison(QPC) protocol using Bell states and Bell entanglement swapping was proposed and analyzed.In the proposed protocol,Bell states were used as the quantum resources,and further Bell measurements and entanglement swapping were performed as the main operations for dealing with the private comparison of equal information without revealing their information content.The third part(TP) prepares Bell states and decoy photons,then inserts the decoy photons to sequences which he want to send to users for security.Users don't need to carry out any local unitary operations and only need to perform Bell measurements,then they send their sequences after coding their private information respectively.TP can achieve the comparison of two bits of classical information by simple calculation.Finally,TP announced the result of the comparison.In addition,the correctness and security of our protocol were discussed.
Private comparison is the basis of many encryption technologies, and several related Quantum Private Comparison (QPC) protocols have been published in recent years. In these existing protocols, secret information is encoded by using conjugate coding or orthogonal states, and all users are quantum participants. In this paper, a novel semi-quantum private comparison scheme is proposed, which employs Bell entangled states as quantum resources. Two semi-quantum participants compare the equivalence of their private information with the help of a semi-honest third party (TP). Compared with the previous classical protocols, these two semi-quantum users can only make some particular action, such as to measure, prepare and reflect quantum qubits only in the classical basis {|0⟩,|1⟩} , and TP needs to perform Bell basis measurement on reflecting qubits to obtain the results of the comparison. Further, analysis results show that this scheme can avoid outside and participant attacks and its’ qubit efficiency is better than the other two protocols mentioned in the paper.
Abstract Recently, Liu et al. proposed a two-party quantum private comparison (QPC) protocol using entanglement swapping of Bell entangled state (Commun. Theor. Phys. 57 (2012) 583). Subsequently Liu et al. pointed out that in Liu et al.'s protocol, the TP can extract the two users' secret inputs without being detected by launching the Bell-basis measurement attack, and suggested the corresponding improvement to mend this loophole (Commun. Theor. Phys. 62 (2014) 210). In this paper, we first point out the information leakage problem toward TP existing in both of the above two protocols, and then suggest the corresponding improvement by using the one-way hash function to encrypt the two users' secret inputs. We further put forward the three-party QPC protocol also based on entanglement swapping of Bell entangled state, and then validate its output correctness and its security in detail. Finally, we generalize the three-party QPC protocol into the multi-party case, which can accomplish arbitrary pair's comparison of equality among K users within one execution.
Using the highly entangled six-qubit genuine state we present a quantum private comparison(QPC)protocol, which enables two users to compare the equality of two bits of their secrets in every round comparison with the assistance of a semi-honest third party(TP). The proposed protocol needs neither unitary operations nor quantum entanglement swapping technology, both of which may consume expensive quantum devices. Single particle measurements and Bell-basis measurements, which are easy to implement with current technologies, are employed by two users and TP in the proposed protocol, respectively. The proposed protocol can withstand all kinds of outside attacks and participant attacks. Moreover, none of information about the two users’ private secrets and the comparison result is leaked out to TP.
Abstract Using the highly entangled six-qubit genuine state we present a quantum private comparison (QPC) protocol, which enables two users to compare the equality of two bits of their secrets in every round comparison with the assistance of a semi-honest third party (TP). The proposed protocol needs neither unitary operations nor quantum entanglement swapping technology, both of which may consume expensive quantum devices. Single particle measurements and Bell-basis measurements, which are easy to implement with current technologies, are employed by two users and TP in the proposed protocol, respectively. The proposed protocol can withstand all kinds of outside attacks and participant attacks. Moreover, none of information about the two users' private secrets and the comparison result is leaked out to TP.
A novel quantum private comparison (QPC) protocol with six-particle maximally entangled states is put forward, which can guarantee that the true content of secret messages from two users cannot be extracted by an illegal party. The entanglement correlation among different particles in one six-particle maximally entangled state is taken to realize the private comparison of secret messages from two users. Neither quantum entanglement swapping nor unitary operations are adopted. Third party (TP) only needs Bell basis measurements while two users only need Bell basis measurements and [Formula: see text] basis measurements. The proposed protocol has no security loophole for the outside attack and the participant attack.
In this paper, we introduce a quantum private comparison (QPC) protocol designed for two players to securely and privately assess the equality of their private information. The protocol utilizes four-particle cluster states prepared by a semi-honest third party (TP), who strictly adheres to the protocol without deviation or collusion with any participant. The TP facilitates the private comparison by enabling users to encode their information through bit-flip or phase-shift operators applied to the received quantum sequences. Once the information is encoded, the sequences are returned to the TP, who can derive the comparison results without accessing any details of the private information. This design ensures correctness, privacy, and fairness throughout the process. The QPC protocol is robust against both external threats and participant attacks due to the incorporation of the decoy-state method and quantum key distribution techniques. Additionally, the protocol employs unitary operations and Bell-basis measurements, enhancing its technical feasibility for practical implementation. Notably, the proposed protocol achieves a qubit efficiency of up to 50%. This efficiency, combined with its strong security features, establishes the QPC protocol as a promising solution for private information comparisons within the realm of quantum cryptography.