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Modern Physics Letters A

Quantum broadcast and multicast with non-maximally channels

Safa Jami, Monireh Houshmand

Published Apr 30, 2023• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Broadcast and multicast protocols are two branches of multi-party quantum communication. Implementing these protocols based on partial entanglement is of great practical importance since maximally entangled channels are not robust due to noise applied by the surrounding environment. Previous research has used global operators (i.e. operators which are applied on the qubits owned by different parties), which contradicts the concept of multi-party communication protocols. In this research, broadcast protocol and multicast protocol with two receivers are proposed using partially entangled channels. Then the protocols are extended to the case with an arbitrary number of receivers. In the proposed protocol, Alice shares a two-qubit maximally entangled state with each receiver, therefore the whole channel is a partially entangled state. Then, the proposed protocol is modified to be secure against eavesdroppers. Also, the effects of phase damping, bit flip, and phase damping noise on the broadcast protocol are examined and compared.

DOI
10.1142/s0217732323500591

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Broadcast and multicast protocols are two branches of multi-party quantum communication. Implementing these protocols based on partial entanglement is of great practical importance since maximally entangled channels are not robust due to noise applied by the surrounding environment. Previous research has used global operators (i.e. operators which are applied on the qubits owned by different parties), which contradicts the concept of multi-party communication protocols. In this research, broadcast protocol and multicast protocol with two receivers are proposed using partially entangled channels. Then the protocols are extended to the case with an arbitrary number of receivers. In the proposed protocol, Alice shares a two-qubit maximally entangled state with each receiver, therefore the whole channel is a partially entangled state. Then, the proposed protocol is modified to be secure against eavesdroppers. Also, the effects of phase damping, bit flip, and phase damping noise on the broadcast protocol are examined and compared.
In the study of quantum information transmission based on entanglement, the decoherence induced by surrounding environment has always been one of major factors affecting the effect of quantum state transfer. Therefore, the research on information transmission in partially entangled channels of quantum network is of academic value and general application. Meanwhile, as multi-participating information transmission modes, broadcast and multicast communications are two important applications in quantum information transmission and quantum computation. In this paper, we propose the quantum broadcast and multicast schemes based on partially entangled states. The schemes allow the different recipients to obtain the arbitrary single-qubit states synchronously. We verify the feasibility of the schemes and obtain the success probability of information transmission under the partially entangled channels.
Due to the unavoidable interaction between the quantum channel and its ambient environment, it is difficult to generate and maintain the maximally entanglement. Thus, the research on multiparty information transmission via non-maximally entangled channels is of academic value and general application. Here, we utilize the non-maximally entangled channels to implement two multiparty remote state preparation schemes for transmitting different quantum information from one sender to two receivers synchronously. The first scheme is adopted to transmit two different four-qubit cluster-type entangled states to two receivers with a certain probability. In order to improve success probabilities of such multicast remote state preparation using non-maximally entangled channels, we put forward the second scheme, which deals with the situation that is a synchronous transfer of an arbitrary single-qubit state and an arbitrary two-qubit state from one sender to two receivers. In particular, its success probability can reach 100% in principle, and independent of the entanglement degree of the shared non-maximally entangled channel. Notably, in the second scheme, the auxiliary particle is not required.
Abstract Quantum broadcast is a method for distributing known quantum information to multiple recipients at once. Although the no-cloning theorem prohibits copying unknown quantum states, it is still possible to transmit the same known state to different destinations. This research introduces two new approaches. The first approach allows a sender to broadcast a single qubit to n receivers using a specialized entangled state known as a 2 n -qubit cluster state. The paper illustrates this method with a detailed example for four receivers ( n = 4 ) and demonstrates its validity through implementation on the Qiskit platform. The second protocol, builds upon the first protocol and allows for broadcasting a particular class of n-qubit state to n receivers. The effects of different quantum noise types on the protocol are investigated, with the fidelity metric used to quantify the quality of broadcasted states over a noisy quantum channel. These new protocols offer more efficient ways to share quantum information, potentially paving the way for improved quantum communication networks and internet.
Broadcast and multi-cast communications are two important applications in quantum information science. Such applications guarantee the implementation of quantum information theory. In this paper, we propose two general schemes for the quantum broadcast and multi-cast communications to ensure that the central party (sender) can broadcast arbitrary single-qubit state to multiple receivers synchronously. Moreover, it is guaranteed that the information among the multiple receivers is different to satisfy the requirement in multi-cast communications. In particular, the proposed schemes indicate the probabilities, of which the multiple receivers obtain the quantum states successfully, could reach 1. We expect this works will shed some light for the prospective research on multi-party quantum communications and quantum cryptography.
We present a new scheme for investigating the usefulness of non-maximally entangled states for multi-party quantum state sharing in a simple and elegant manner. In our scheme, the sender, Alice shares n various probabilistic channels composed of non-maximally entangled states with n agents in a network. Our protocol involves only Bell-basis measurements, single qubit measurements, and a two-qubit unitary transformation operated by free optional agents. Our scheme is a more convenient realization because no other multipartite joint measurements are needed. Furthermore, in our scheme various probabilistic channels lessen the requirement for quantum channels, which makes it more practical for physical implementation.
Abstract In this study, we propose an encrypted quantum teleportation broadcast scheme using a 6-qubit entangled channel and an encrypted quantum teleportation scheme with a controller via a 7-qubit entangled channel. The quantum state of Alice, to be transmitted, is first encrypted into two distinct states that satisfy certain conditions. As the main sender, Alice designates two agents to transmit encrypted states to two receivers. She shares a 6-qubit entangled state with each party and provides the receivers with a 1-bit classical information containing the chosen encryption. After the agents perform measurements on the corresponding orthogonal bases and send the results to the receivers, each receiver can reconstruct the original state sent by Alice. To enhance security for the receivers, the scheme introduces Alice as a controller. The receivers can reconstruct the original state only if Alice performs a measurement and shares her measurement outcome. The use of encryption ensures that even if an agent’s qubit is intercepted, the actual state remains secure. Alice, as the controller, can also terminate the transmission if a security threat is detected or she change her mind to finish the transmission. The teleportation performance depends on how the qubit is encrypted. For a specific input state used as an example, the protocol obtained a teleportation success probability of 0.9608.