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Photon Pair Generation in OAM Modes at 780 and 1550 nm via Spontaneous Intermodal Four Wave Mixing

Daniel I. Shahar, Xiao Liu, Dong Beom Kim, Virginia O. Lorenz, Siddharth Ramachandran

Published Jan 1, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate the generation of photon pairs at ~780 and ~1550 nm with a coincidence-to-accidental ratio of ~3200 via spontaneous intermodal four wave mixing mediated by a ring-core fiber stably guiding orbital angular momentum modes.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_fs.2023.ff1l.5

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Four-wave mixing in optical fibers has been proven to have many applications within processing of classical optical signals. In addition, recent developments in multimode fibers have made it possible to achieve the necessary phase-matching for efficient four-wave mixing over a very wide bandwidth. Thus, the combination of multimode fiber optics and four-wave mixing is very attractive for various applications. This is especially the case for applications in quantum communication, for example in photon-pair generation. This is the subject of this work, where we discuss the impact of fluctuations in core radius on the quality of the heralded single-photon states and demonstrate experimental results of intermodal spontaneous four-wave mixing for photon-pair generation.
In the realm of quantum information processing, harnessing high-dimensional photonic systems provides a pathway to overcome limitations of traditional two-level systems. Orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light has emerged as a powerful tool for creating and manipulating high-dimensional entanglement, promising increased information capacity and enhanced security in quantum communication protocols. However, conventional methods like spontaneous parametric downconversion encounter challenges due to non-uniform production rates of Laguerre–Gaussian modes. This study explores the potential of spontaneous four-wave mixing in ring-core fibers (RCFs) as a viable platform for generating OAM photon pairs with tailored spectral and spatial properties. We show that by controlling the topological charge of pump photons, correlated, uncorrelated, and anti-correlated photon pairs can be engineered across arbitrary spectral ranges, essential for diverse quantum applications. Experimental noise characterization of the RCF-based source demonstrates a high coincidence-to-accidental ratio exceeding 4000, and a low heralded second-order correlation function ( g H (2) <0.005), which confirms its operation well into the single-photon regime. This work demonstrates the potential of RCFs as a versatile platform for generating structured photon pairs, paving the way for future high-dimensional quantum communication and information processing applications.