Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Design of a quantum true random number generator using quantum gates and benchmarking its performance on an IBM quantum-computer

Vaishnavi Kumar, Padmapriya Praveenkumar

Published Jul 20, 2023• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Random numbers are used in various domains, including quantum communication and cryptography applications such as key generation and authentication. Quantum mechanics has the intrinsic ability to generate truly random numbers, making it an ideal alternative for scientific applications that require randomness. Quantum wireless communication is proposed as a new means of communication that is safe, secure, and efficient. The simplicity of our source rotation gate, combined with its independently verifiable solitary unpredictability, is essential to obtain quantum random number generators without spending any money. In this chapter, we explore and study the 24-qubit random number. The worst-case entropy value for such randomly produced integers is 0.999445, with the min-entropy of such numbers being 0.0008. Additionally, steering restart tests were used to validate later verification of true randomness, and the statistical characteristics of the True Random Number Generation (TRNG) were assessed using an autocorrelation study and the statistical test suites.

DOI
10.1049/pbse021e_ch19

Related papers

Quantum true random number generation on IBM’s cloud platform

Vaishnavi Kumar, John Bosco Balaguru Rayappan, Rengarajan Amirtharajan +1 more

Random numbers are the lifeline of any cryptographic operation in modern computing. Quantum True Random Number Generator (QTRNG) can yield real random data to replace random-looking periodic sequences. Here, we present the fastest QTRNG on factual Quantum Computational Devices (QCD) locally on our device to save time. To construct a random number generator, the IBM Q Experience called Qiskit is used. The ease of our source Hadamard gate pooled with its verifiably sole randomness is imperative for attaining quantum random number generators at no cost. The inner matrix product of the square of the Hadamard gate is proved to be identified in the quantum lab. Applying the H gate twice on the quantum register cancelled out the H gate pair. It acted as a single Hadamard gate that was practically visualised using the IMB Q experience. The 24-qubit random number is experimented with and investigated in this work. The min-entropy of such generated random numbers is 0.0007244 with the worst-case entropy value of 0.999507. Besides, subsequent verification of genuine randomness was confirmed by steering restart experimentation, & the statistical properties of TRNG were evaluated over autocorrelation study, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) SP 800-90B & 800-22 tests.

Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences•Jan 31, 2022•39 citations

Advancing Cryptographic Security Through Quantum True Random Number Generation

T. S. Gururaja, Padmapriya Praveenkumar

True randomness is a basic necessity of secure cryptography. This secures the reliability of encryption keys, digital signatures and authentication mechanisms. Classical random number generators based on deterministic algorithms can introduce patterns and decrease reliability. This paper introduces a Quantum True Random Number Generator (QTRNG) takes advantage of the intrinsic unpredictability of quantum mechanics. The proposed quantum circuit uses$R Y(\pi / 2)$and$R Z(\pi / 2)$rotations to create superposition states like Hadamard operation. These gates control the phase and orientation of qubits on the Bloch sphere yields measurement outcomes are inherently random. The resulting distributions are unbiased and balanced offers a source of true randomness. The quality of the generated bitstrings is verified using statistical tests such as the NIST SP 800-22, SP 800-90 test suites and autocorrelation tests. The measurements show high entropy, uniform distribution and low bias satisfy the basic requirements for cryptographic security. Phase-based quantum operations provide an efficient for producing high-quality quantum randomness facilitates the construction of effective quantum-secure cryptographic systems.

International Conference on Intelligent Innovations in Engineering and Technology (ICIIET)•Dec 4, 2025•0 citations

Quantum Phase True Random Number Generation for Secure Sustainable 6G Communication

T. S. Gururaja, Padmapriya Praveenkumar

Random numbers are the foundation for cryptographic protocols including encryption and key generation This work presents the design and evaluation of a Quantum Random Number Generator (QRNG) leveraging quantum phase gates in IBM Qiskit, specifically S†(S-dagger), Rx(θ) and S gates. These gates exploit quantum phenomena such as superposition and entanglement to generate high-quality random numbers. By optimizing resource utilization through qubit reuse by measurement operations, the generated binary outcomes form a random number sequence. The quality and unpredictability of the numbers are validated using statistical tests including NIST SP 800-90, SP 800-22 and other preliminary tests. The QRNG has significant potential for enhancing cryptographic protocols, secure data transmission and network authentication particularly in the context of emerging 6G communication systems.

International Conference on Wireless Communications, Signal Processing and Networking (WiSPNET)•Mar 20, 2025•4 citations

Quantum Phase Parameterized True Random Number Generation for Secure Communication

T. S. Gururaja, Padmapriya Praveenkumar

This chapter introduces a quantum phase-parameterized approach to true random number generation, utilizing a natural superposition of quantum gates. The method employs a scalable quantum circuit architecture, using the RY(π/2) gate followed by the S gate across multiple qubits to generate maximally unpredictable quantum states. The proposed circuit was implemented on the IBM Quantum platform, where it generates bitstrings from quantum measurements that form the basis of the QTRNG output. To validate the randomness and cryptographic strength, extensive statistical testing was performed. These include restart experiments to verify non-reproducibility, autocorrelation analysis for temporal independence, and evaluations using NIST SP 800-22, SP 800-90B, Dieharder, and ENT test suites. These tests evaluate frequency, runs, entropy, chi-square distribution, and serial correlation to ensure high entropy and strong randomness quality. Results confirm that the proposed QTRNG consistently passes all tests, generating unbiased, high-quality random numbers. The approach is suitable for applications in post-quantum cryptography, secure key generation, and communication protocols, establishing a robust framework for safe and scalable quantum-based randomness.

CRC Press eBooks•Jun 2, 2026•0 citations

True Random Number Generation on IBM Real-Time Quantum Computer for Secure and Unpredictable Cryptographic Applications

V. Karthick, S Haritha, Janani K

Truly random integers, which are the absolute requirement for this type of cryptography, are necessary for data security. Conventional PRNGs is deterministically which makes them predicted. This type of weakness is present in them. Unlike conventional algorithms, QRNG uses something very fundamental, quantum physics. It has allowed for a breakthrough in using random numbers that are unpredictable. The main goal of the project to design a system including the QRNG (quantum random number generator) and cloud platform developed by IBM. The system produces robust and ideal output for cryptography while being both effective and efficient. We will conduct detailed and effective tuning and testing so as to increase output. Outputs of this project are a QRNG system built on the cloud that can be connected with cryptographic applications, certified sequence, and informational materials of the organization. With this research of QRNGs synchronized with the IBM cloud platform, we make cryptographic security stronger by using the quantum mechanical method to create truly random numbers. Moreover, QRNGs contribute to the cryptographic applications which are intended to be incredibly secure and of high dependability by providing random numbers to enter the realm of crypto-with very little human participation. Basically, the cloud-based architecture enable systems to scale and possible failure resilience via migrating the workload or storing the data online. Quantum improvements will speed up the process of replacing the currently accepted cryptographic paradigm with something opening new ways of digital communication. This research is about quantum physics, cloud computing, and cryptography, bringing together how these concepts operate, as a result, of the unexpected and secure cryptographic applications.

•Jul 24, 2024•2 citations

Quantum TRNG for Secure Data Transmission

DR. S. K. Rajalakshmi, M. Logeshwari, S. Swasthika Janani +1 more

Secure data transmission depends on unpredictable cryptographic keys. Conventional pseudorandom number generators are deterministic and vulnerable to prediction. This work proposes a Quantum True Random Number Generator (Q-TRNG) that uses quantum superposition and noise to produce truly random numbers. The generated quantum entropy is converted into high-quality random bits and applied to secure encryption, improving confidentiality and resistance to attacks. The proposed system offers a reliable and future- ready solution for quantum-grade secure communication.

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science•Jan 1, 2026•0 citations
Random numbers are used in various domains, including quantum communication and cryptography applications such as key generation and authentication. Quantum mechanics has the intrinsic ability to generate truly random numbers, making it an ideal alternative for scientific applications that require randomness. Quantum wireless communication is proposed as a new means of communication that is safe, secure, and efficient. The simplicity of our source rotation gate, combined with its independently verifiable solitary unpredictability, is essential to obtain quantum random number generators without spending any money. In this chapter, we explore and study the 24-qubit random number. The worst-case entropy value for such randomly produced integers is 0.999445, with the min-entropy of such numbers being 0.0008. Additionally, steering restart tests were used to validate later verification of true randomness, and the statistical characteristics of the True Random Number Generation (TRNG) were assessed using an autocorrelation study and the statistical test suites.
Random numbers are the lifeline of any cryptographic operation in modern computing. Quantum True Random Number Generator (QTRNG) can yield real random data to replace random-looking periodic sequences. Here, we present the fastest QTRNG on factual Quantum Computational Devices (QCD) locally on our device to save time. To construct a random number generator, the IBM Q Experience called Qiskit is used. The ease of our source Hadamard gate pooled with its verifiably sole randomness is imperative for attaining quantum random number generators at no cost. The inner matrix product of the square of the Hadamard gate is proved to be identified in the quantum lab. Applying the H gate twice on the quantum register cancelled out the H gate pair. It acted as a single Hadamard gate that was practically visualised using the IMB Q experience. The 24-qubit random number is experimented with and investigated in this work. The min-entropy of such generated random numbers is 0.0007244 with the worst-case entropy value of 0.999507. Besides, subsequent verification of genuine randomness was confirmed by steering restart experimentation, & the statistical properties of TRNG were evaluated over autocorrelation study, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) SP 800-90B & 800-22 tests.
True randomness is a basic necessity of secure cryptography. This secures the reliability of encryption keys, digital signatures and authentication mechanisms. Classical random number generators based on deterministic algorithms can introduce patterns and decrease reliability. This paper introduces a Quantum True Random Number Generator (QTRNG) takes advantage of the intrinsic unpredictability of quantum mechanics. The proposed quantum circuit usesRY(π/2)R Y(\pi / 2)RY(π/2)andRZ(π/2)R Z(\pi / 2)RZ(π/2)rotations to create superposition states like Hadamard operation. These gates control the phase and orientation of qubits on the Bloch sphere yields measurement outcomes are inherently random. The resulting distributions are unbiased and balanced offers a source of true randomness. The quality of the generated bitstrings is verified using statistical tests such as the NIST SP 800-22, SP 800-90 test suites and autocorrelation tests. The measurements show high entropy, uniform distribution and low bias satisfy the basic requirements for cryptographic security. Phase-based quantum operations provide an efficient for producing high-quality quantum randomness facilitates the construction of effective quantum-secure cryptographic systems.
Random numbers are the foundation for cryptographic protocols including encryption and key generation This work presents the design and evaluation of a Quantum Random Number Generator (QRNG) leveraging quantum phase gates in IBM Qiskit, specifically S†(S-dagger), Rx(θ) and S gates. These gates exploit quantum phenomena such as superposition and entanglement to generate high-quality random numbers. By optimizing resource utilization through qubit reuse by measurement operations, the generated binary outcomes form a random number sequence. The quality and unpredictability of the numbers are validated using statistical tests including NIST SP 800-90, SP 800-22 and other preliminary tests. The QRNG has significant potential for enhancing cryptographic protocols, secure data transmission and network authentication particularly in the context of emerging 6G communication systems.
This chapter introduces a quantum phase-parameterized approach to true random number generation, utilizing a natural superposition of quantum gates. The method employs a scalable quantum circuit architecture, using the RY(π/2) gate followed by the S gate across multiple qubits to generate maximally unpredictable quantum states. The proposed circuit was implemented on the IBM Quantum platform, where it generates bitstrings from quantum measurements that form the basis of the QTRNG output. To validate the randomness and cryptographic strength, extensive statistical testing was performed. These include restart experiments to verify non-reproducibility, autocorrelation analysis for temporal independence, and evaluations using NIST SP 800-22, SP 800-90B, Dieharder, and ENT test suites. These tests evaluate frequency, runs, entropy, chi-square distribution, and serial correlation to ensure high entropy and strong randomness quality. Results confirm that the proposed QTRNG consistently passes all tests, generating unbiased, high-quality random numbers. The approach is suitable for applications in post-quantum cryptography, secure key generation, and communication protocols, establishing a robust framework for safe and scalable quantum-based randomness.
Truly random integers, which are the absolute requirement for this type of cryptography, are necessary for data security. Conventional PRNGs is deterministically which makes them predicted. This type of weakness is present in them. Unlike conventional algorithms, QRNG uses something very fundamental, quantum physics. It has allowed for a breakthrough in using random numbers that are unpredictable. The main goal of the project to design a system including the QRNG (quantum random number generator) and cloud platform developed by IBM. The system produces robust and ideal output for cryptography while being both effective and efficient. We will conduct detailed and effective tuning and testing so as to increase output. Outputs of this project are a QRNG system built on the cloud that can be connected with cryptographic applications, certified sequence, and informational materials of the organization. With this research of QRNGs synchronized with the IBM cloud platform, we make cryptographic security stronger by using the quantum mechanical method to create truly random numbers. Moreover, QRNGs contribute to the cryptographic applications which are intended to be incredibly secure and of high dependability by providing random numbers to enter the realm of crypto-with very little human participation. Basically, the cloud-based architecture enable systems to scale and possible failure resilience via migrating the workload or storing the data online. Quantum improvements will speed up the process of replacing the currently accepted cryptographic paradigm with something opening new ways of digital communication. This research is about quantum physics, cloud computing, and cryptography, bringing together how these concepts operate, as a result, of the unexpected and secure cryptographic applications.
Secure data transmission depends on unpredictable cryptographic keys. Conventional pseudorandom number generators are deterministic and vulnerable to prediction. This work proposes a Quantum True Random Number Generator (Q-TRNG) that uses quantum superposition and noise to produce truly random numbers. The generated quantum entropy is converted into high-quality random bits and applied to secure encryption, improving confidentiality and resistance to attacks. The proposed system offers a reliable and future- ready solution for quantum-grade secure communication.