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Photonics for Quantum (PfQ)

Quantum networks: from the quantum internet to the brain

Christoph Simon

Published Jul 19, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

I will give my personal perspective on recent progress in quantum networks and quantum communication, including some mentions of efforts towards distributed quantum computing. In this context of moving towards a global 'quantum internet', I will discuss some of our own recent work on quantum repeaters, quantum memories, quantum transducers, and sources of entanglement. I will discuss approaches to the quantum internet involving satellites. Finally I will also briefly talk about our work on the question whether there could be quantum networks in our brains.

DOI
10.1117/12.2678460

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I will give my personal perspective on recent progress in quantum networks and quantum communication, including some mentions of efforts towards distributed quantum computing. In this context of moving towards a global 'quantum internet', I will discuss some of our own recent work on quantum repeaters, quantum memories, quantum transducers, and sources of entanglement. I will discuss approaches to the quantum internet involving satellites. Finally I will also briefly talk about our work on the question whether there could be quantum networks in our brains.
The coming Quantum Internet will bring us new capabilities: advanced cryptographic functions, high-precision sensor networks for uses such as high-resolution astronomy, and secure distributed quantum computing. Experimental progress on the components for quantum repeaters is moving at a dizzying rate, and theorists have proposed various approaches to managing errors to create high-fidelity quantum entanglement. Building quantum networks presents different challenges from building quantum links. I will give an overview of these issues, then discuss the even more daunting challenge of creating a network of networks -- an internetwork -- and show how our simulations are guiding the design of a true quantum Internet. These challenges include routing (path selection), resource management such as multiplexing techniques, and security considerations within individual networks. Recently, we have discovered that it is possible for a single hijacked quantum repeater to frame other repeaters as malicious, substantially disrupting network operations. All of these issues are magnified when discussing autonomous networks that exchange information, known as an internetwork. In internetworking, not only is the scale of the problem daunting, but heterogeneous technologies will be deployed and demand interoperability at the logical level as well as the physical. Network operators also prefer to maintain the privacy of their own network operations, requiring mechanisms including connection establishment to operate with minimal sharing of information across network boundaries.
Quantum communication researchers have achieved significant progress during the recent decades and quantum networking has shown promise in terms of improving the overall functional benefits of the Internet and enabling applications with no counterpart in the classical world. It is a breakthrough technology towards the unimaginable future. In a quantum network, the source and destination may be connected by quantum repeaters/routers for facilitating qubit transmissions. The quantum network of the future is envisaged to pervade the entire globe, relying on terrestrial components, satellites, airplanes, ships and other vehicles. It is anticipated that it will support nearly unconditional security, super-computing power, large network capacity-even at high velocity-and privacy.
A long-range quantum communication network is among the most promising applications of emerging quantum technologies. We discuss the potential of such a quantum internet for the secure transmission of classical and quantum information, as well as theoretical and experimental approaches and recent advances to realize them. We illustrate the involved concepts such as error correction, teleportation or quantum repeaters and consider an approach to this topic based on catchy visualizations as a context-based, modern treatment of quantum theory at high school.
Quantum technology is now at a point where practical work can begin on creating the quantum internet. However, numerous challenges must be overcome before this vision becomes a reality. A global-scale quantum internet requires the development of the quantum repeater, a device that stores and manipulates qubits while interacting with or emitting entangled photons. This review examines different approaches to quantum repeaters and networks, covering their conceptual frameworks, architectures, and current progress in experimental implementation.