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River Publishers eBooks

Quantum Internet

Ahmed Banafa

Published Jul 13, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Building a quantum internet is a key ambition for many countries around the world as such a breakthrough will give them competitive advantage in a promising disruptive technology, and opens a new world of innovations and unlimited possibilities. Recently the US Department of Energy published the first blueprint of its kind, laying out a step-by-step strategy to make the quantum internet dream come true. A quantum internet would be able to transmit large volumes of data across immense distances at a rate that exceeds the speed of light. Academics, researchers, and IT professionals will need to create devices for the infrastructure of quantum internet including: quantum routers, repeaters, gateways, hubs, and other quantum tools. A whole new industry will be born based on the idea of a quantum internet existing in parallel with the current ecosystem of companies the authors have in a regular internet.

DOI
10.1201/9781003440239-3

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Building a quantum internet is a key ambition for many countries around the world as such a breakthrough will give them competitive advantage in a promising disruptive technology, and opens a new world of innovations and unlimited possibilities. Recently the US Department of Energy published the first blueprint of its kind, laying out a step-by-step strategy to make the quantum internet dream come true. A quantum internet would be able to transmit large volumes of data across immense distances at a rate that exceeds the speed of light. Academics, researchers, and IT professionals will need to create devices for the infrastructure of quantum internet including: quantum routers, repeaters, gateways, hubs, and other quantum tools. A whole new industry will be born based on the idea of a quantum internet existing in parallel with the current ecosystem of companies the authors have in a regular internet.
Building a quantum internet is a key ambition for many countries around the world; such a breakthrough will give them competitive advantage in a promising disruptive technology and opens a new world of innovations and unlimited possibilities. Quantum security leads us to the concept of quantum cryptography which uses physics to develop a cryptosystem completely secure against being compromised without the knowledge of the sender or the receiver of the messages. A quantum internet would be able to transmit large volumes of data across immense distances at a rate that exceeds the speed of light . Quantum cryptography uses photons to transmit a key. Once the key is transmitted, coding and encoding using the normal secret-key method can take place.
A Quantum Path Forward. Today, many scientific experts recognize that building and scaling quantum-protected and enhanced communication networks are among the most important technological frontiers of the 21st century. The international research community perceives the construction of a first prototype global quantum network-the Quantum Internet-to be within reach over the next decade. In February 2020, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)'s Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research hosted the Quantum Internet Blueprint workshop to define a potential roadmap toward building the first nationwide quantum Internet. The workshop participants included representatives from DOE national laboratories, universities, industry, and other U.S. agencies with serious interests in quantum networking. The goal was to provide an outline of the essential research needed, detail any engineering and design barriers, and suggest a path forward to move from today's limited local network experiments to a viable, secure quantum Internet.
The concept of the quantum internet shall be to profoundly improve Internet technology by allowing quantum communication between any two points on Earth. Quantum technology, as well as research, will open up the door to all types of new possibilities and opportunities. Some of those possibilities include the speed of communications, Although the first implementations of small-scale quantum networks are anticipated in the foreseeable future, scaling those networks presents enormous challenges for fields such as physics, computer science as well as engineering. This has important implications for a wide variety of fields from weather forecasting to healthcare research as well as the development of Artificial Intelligence, not to mention that the previously known effect on cybersecurity and the ability to break existing encryption methods. At this moment, we are convinced that the quantum Internet will have the ability to do incredible things, considerably faster than the traditional Internet. The great advantage of quantum communication is that it is much more secure than everything else. The internet could look ahead to a bright future with the new quantum technology hacking proof exchange of information as well as superfast data processing is going to become possible. Such a significant breakthrough will provide them with a competitive edge in a hopeful technology and opens a new universe of innovations and unlimited opportunities. In this paper, we offer an overview of the benefits anticipated on the Quantum Internet. In this paper, the author presents the fundamental ideas of quantum physics and describes the concepts of quantum repeaters, and the mechanism of a quantum Internet. Particular attention is given not just to the technical problems implicated, but additionally to the potential impact on society. The purpose of this paper is to provide a straightforward understanding of the Quantum Internet as well as how it developed, and the advantages of Quantum Internet.
The future of the Internet and of computer communication goes through modern physics. Using the new properties of quantum mechanics, various research laboratories around the world are building prototypes of “quantum networks”, a new way that uses some quantum physics principles to deliver information packets. In the near future our data will be able to travel on the Internet at very high speed, also greater than the speed of light, thanks to the quantum network. Independent research groups have already been able to demonstrate the entanglement of photons on fiber optic networks in China and Canada. The result can be considered as the first step for the realization of quantum telematic networks on a metropolitan scale and the connection at large distances of future computers based on quantum physics. But the quantum computer will be  such a   powerful system that can  even damage the security of our systems and networks as we know them today, as well as to personal privacy, already threatened  by current network rules.
Breakthrough developments in quantum information technology is paving the way to the Quantum Internet. This article aims to provide an overview of the current state of research and development in the field of Quantum Communications and Quantum Internet. We examine the main building blocks and the latest achievements. By providing a holistic overview of recent achievements, this article fosters a deeper understanding of these building blocks, the related opportunities, and challenges associated with the realization of the Quantum Internet. We also provide some simple pedagogical models aimed to give the reader a clear insight on the interactions between quantum networking elements. A simple Quantum Internet 5Level-3D communication model is also provided, which integrates with, rather than parallels, the classical OSI and TCP/IP models. We further describe deployed testbeds and trials and highlight potential opportunities and challenges for Communication Service Provider's. We also provide some KPIs of quantum technologies and their evolution over the last decade. This article is intended as a self-contained entry level tutorial for newcomers who are not familiar with quantum information theory, but with some background knowledge about classical networking. Academics, students, as well as professionals can use this article to become able to begin researching the Quantum Internet, without having to read a plethora of articles, web pages, and books on the subject.
Quantum teleportation is a technique for transferring quantum information from a sender at one location to a receiver some distance away. While teleportation is commonly portrayed in science fiction as a means to transfer physical objects from one location to the next, quantum teleportation only transfers quantum information. In July, the US Department of Energy unveiled a blueprint for the first quantum internet, connecting several of its National Laboratories across the country. A quantum internet would be able to transmit large volumes of data across immense distances at a rate that exceeds the speed of light. Traditional computer data is coded in either zeros or ones. Quantum information is superimposed in both zeros and ones simultaneously. Academics, researchers and IT professionals will need to create devices for the infrastructure of quantum internet including: quantum routers, repeaters, gateways, hubs, and other quantum tools.