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Physical Review A

Rapidity and momentum distributions of one-dimensional dipolar quantum gases

Kuan-Yu Li, Yicheng Zhang, Kangning Yang, Kuan-Yu Lin, Sarang Gopalakrishnan, Marcos Rigol, Benjamin Lev

Published Jun 8, 2023• 28 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The effects of integrability-breaking interactions on equilibrium states are explored using a one-dimensional Bose gas of highly magnetic atoms. A dressed-quasiparticle description is found to be necessary to predict equilibrium rapidity and momentum distributions as the strength of the integrability-breaking perturbation increases.
DOI
10.1103/physreva.107.l061302

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We present a quantum Monte Carlo study of the one-body density matrix (OBDM) and the momentum distribution of one-dimensional (1D) dipolar bosons, with dipole moments polarized perpendicular to the direction of confinement. We observe that the long-range nature of the dipole interaction has dramatic effects on the off-diagonal correlations: although the dipoles never crystallize, the system goes from a quasi-condensate regime at low interactions to a regime in which quasi-condensation is discarded in favor of quasi-solidity. For all strengths of the dipolar interaction we considered, the OBDM shows an oscillatory behavior coexisting with an overall algebraic decay, while the momentum distribution shows sharp kinks at the wavevectors of the oscillations, Q =±2π n (where n is the atom density), beyond which it is strongly suppressed. This momentum filtering effect introduces a characteristic scale in the momentum distribution, which can be arbitrarily squeezed by lowering the atom density. This shows that 1D dipolar Bose gases, realized e.g. by trapped dipolar molecules, show strong signatures of the dipolar interaction in time-of-flight measurements.
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