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Molecular Physics

Few-body dipole-octopole interactions

Jianing Han

Published May 15, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report on the few-body dipole-octopole interactions in excited states. Dipole-octopole interactions of up to ten bodies have been calculated. It has been shown that such a system is an ideal quantum system, which can be accurately generalised to more bodies. In addition, pure repulsive states are shown, and the repulsion strength can be increased by increasing the number of atoms. Moreover, this system can be used for manufacturing more compact quantum computers. Furthermore, it can be used to store quantum information or study entangled states.

DOI
10.1080/00268976.2023.2213144

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We report on the few-body dipole-octopole interactions in excited states. Dipole-octopole interactions of up to ten bodies have been calculated. It has been shown that such a system is an ideal quantum system, which can be accurately generalised to more bodies. In addition, pure repulsive states are shown, and the repulsion strength can be increased by increasing the number of atoms. Moreover, this system can be used for manufacturing more compact quantum computers. Furthermore, it can be used to store quantum information or study entangled states.
Van der Waals interactions, or dipole-dipole interactions, are very common interactions between atoms. Since atoms have quadrupole moments, there are dipole-quadrupole interactions between atoms. If there are two atoms, we treat one atom as a dipole and the other atom as a quadrupole. The interactions between those two atoms are dipole-quadrupole interactions. Two-body dipole-quadrupole interactions have been investigated since the 1960s. However, three-dimensional few-body dipole-quadrupole interactions are relatively less studied. In this article, the formalisms for three-dimensional dipole-quadrupole interactions are given. In addition, two-dimensional three-body pairwise dipole-quadrupole interactions are examined. Specifically, we study the dipole-quadrupole interactions among three atoms located at the three vertices of a triangle. This research has many applications, such as creating dipole-quadrupole coupled molecules, manufacturing more compact quantum computers, producing plasma, and constructing quantum sensors.
Few-body interactions offer the opportunity to study the isolated atom to few-body coupled molecules, and to condensed matter transitions. Atoms in molecules and in condensed matters are coupled by different orders of multipole–multipole interactions, which all stem from different orders of approximations from coulomb interactions between multiple charges. The lowest order multipole–multipole interaction is the dipole–dipole interaction, which is proportional to the size of the dipole. In this article, we use Rydberg atoms, which have more than 1000 times greater electric dipoles than the ground state atoms, to study the van der Waals interaction between few bodies. In addition to the large dipoles, the kinetic energy of the atoms is significantly reduced by reducing the temperature, which makes these interactions stable and observable. Here, we report on the 2D and 3D few-body interaction potentials and possible ways of creating semistable molecules in such an ultracold Rydberg gas with a temperature of ≈100 nK. Although we use Rydberg atoms in this article, this calculation can be applied to other states too. The results reported here are useful for studying repulsive van der Waals interactions and creating ultracold molecules.
The research in this dissertation is devoted to few-body bound state physics in experimentally relevant systems of trapped atoms and molecules. First, the complexes of tubes containing dipoles are considered. The tubes are assumed to have zero width such that one-dimensional treatment can be applied. For this setup few-body bound structures are found for different polarization an- gles and dipole strengths by using stochastic variational methods. After that a similar analysis is provided for two-dimensional planes filled with dipolar par- ticles. At the end of the thesis, a system of particles in one-dimensional traps is analyzed assuming that two-body interactions are of zero range. It is shown that such a system is solvable in the limit of infinitely strong repulsion between particles.
Abstract The interactions between dipoles are called dipole–dipole interactions. One type of dipole–dipole interaction is van der Waals interaction. Similar to van der Waals interactions, the interactions between quadrupoles are called quadrupole–quadrupole interactions. Atoms can be treated not only as dipoles but also as quadrupoles. In this article, we study the quadrupole interactions between highly excited atoms or Rydberg atoms. In addition, unlike many other calculations, in which the primary focus was on the one-dimensional two-body quadrupole–quadrupole interactions, the primary aim of this article is to study the two-dimensional few-body quadrupole–quadrupole interactions. Specifically, the two-dimensional three-body interactions are investigated. This research has many applications, such as quadrupole-blockade for quantum computing, creating molecules based on quadrupole interactions, or quadrupole–quadrupole molecules.
A dipole blockade, in which Rydberg-atom-Rydberg-atom interactions inhibit all but a single collective Rydberg excitation, has been proposed as a mechanism to store and manipulate quantum information in mesoscopic ensembles. We investigate the excitation dynamics of a collection of a few atoms and show that they undergo an unexpected, qualitative change when the number of atoms increases from two to three. In particular, the combined action of three atoms, each of which pairwise would produce a blockade, can break the dipole blockade.
Charge-dipole interactions are very common interactions among atoms and molecules, especially materials that can emit light or contain free charges. The second-order charge-dipole interactions, proportional to 1R4\frac{1}{R^4}R41​, are stronger than the second-order dipole-dipole interactions or van der Waals interactions, proportional to 1R6\frac{1}{R^6}R61​, at longer distances. In reality, there is more than one atom or charge; therefore, we focus on few-body charge-dipole interactions, such as charge-dipole-dipole interactions. Laser cooling and trapping allow us to study such interactions with much higher precision. In this article, charge-dipole interactions will be investigated in ultracold gases. To increase the interaction strength, we excite the ultracold atoms to highly excited states, Rydberg states. Here, we treat one Rydberg atom as a dipole, the excited electron and the ion core are the two poles of an electric dipole. Specifically, we study charge-atom interactions in ultracold Rydberg gases.