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THE SCIENTIFIC TEMPER

Quantum programming: Working with IBM’S qiskit tool

Kumari Neha, Amrita Amrita

Published Apr 10, 2023• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

One of the greatest technological advancements in the last century lies in digital computer science. The idea of storing information and performing complicated calculations with the help of bits, i.e., 0 and 1. But due to a sudden surge in data, the classical computer system has been becoming weak in data processing. Quantum computers offer promising substantial speedup over classical computers for many applications. Quantum chip fabrication has made remarkable gains in recent years, with the number of qubits and fidelity growing. In general computing, a binary digit is the smallest unit of information or a bit. “In quantum computing, the term Qubit (Quantum Bit) serves the exact function of the term bit.” IBM Research released the IBMQ Experience in 2018, the first quantum computer that anyone can use and make accessible to a huge audience of different countries through cloud access. IBM also introduced the tool QISKIT (Quantum information software kit), which enables teachers, researchers, and developers to write coding and run their coding on quantum machines. It also includes different packages of quantum computing. In this paper, the author has discussed different steps to install qiskit. Mainly this paper focused on the “programming and application side of quantum computing.” Qiskit tools used in the python programming language. The “quantum circuits” are fabricated with the use of quantum gates and favorable algorithms with less execution time

DOI
10.58414/scientifictemper.2023.14.1.11

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One of the greatest technological advancements in the last century lies in digital computer science. The idea of storing information and performing complicated calculations with the help of bits, i.e., 0 and 1. But due to a sudden surge in data, the classical computer system has been becoming weak in data processing. Quantum computers offer promising substantial speedup over classical computers for many applications. Quantum chip fabrication has made remarkable gains in recent years, with the number of qubits and fidelity growing. In general computing, a binary digit is the smallest unit of information or a bit. “In quantum computing, the term Qubit (Quantum Bit) serves the exact function of the term bit.” IBM Research released the IBMQ Experience in 2018, the first quantum computer that anyone can use and make accessible to a huge audience of different countries through cloud access. IBM also introduced the tool QISKIT (Quantum information software kit), which enables teachers, researchers, and developers to write coding and run their coding on quantum machines. It also includes different packages of quantum computing. In this paper, the author has discussed different steps to install qiskit. Mainly this paper focused on the “programming and application side of quantum computing.” Qiskit tools used in the python programming language. The “quantum circuits” are fabricated with the use of quantum gates and favorable algorithms with less execution time
For many practical applications, Quantum computers offer major speed-ups over traditional machines. The production of quantum chips has recently made tremendous strides, with the quantity of Qubits increasing and fidelity increasing. The smallest unit of information is the binary digit i.e. bit in general computing. In Quantum Computing the term Qubit (Quantum Bit) is used for the same purpose. In order to differentiate between a classical bit and a Qubit, Bra-Ket or Dirac notation is used. So, the Qubits are represented as |0〉 and |1〉 and are often read as Ket 0 for zero state and Ket 1 for one state. In this paper mainly programming and application sides of Quantum Computing are focused. For that, Qiskit module and its tools are used in Python programming language. General circuit optimization scheme is given. The Quantum circuits with the concept of Quantum Gates implemented are stronger compared to the optimizing algorithm and with faster execution time. In addition, for prime factorization, access to IBM's Quantum computer is carried out successfully.
Quantum computers promise substantial speedups over conventional machines for many practical applications. While considered "dreams of the future" for a long time, first quantum computers are available now which can be utilized by anyone. A leading force within this development is IBM Research which launched the IBM Q Experience - the first industrial initiative to build universal quantum computers and make them accessible to a broad audience through cloud access. Along this initiative, the tool Qiskit has been launched which enables researchers, teachers, developers, and general enthusiasts to write corresponding code and to run experiments on those machines. At the same time, this provides an ideal playground for the design automation community which - through Qiskit - can deploy improved solutions e.g. on designing and realizing quantum applications. This special session summary aims to provide an introduction into Qiskit and is showcasing selected success stories on how to work with and develop for it. In addition to that, it provides corresponding references to further readings in terms of tutorials and scientific papers as well as links to publicly available implementations for Qiskit extensions.
This paper explains the roadmap for running quantum circuit programs based on the Qiskit library in quantum simulators as well as real cloud-based IBM quantum computers. Qiskit is a free and open-source software development platform based on the Python programming language that is used in quantum programming. Qiskit acts as a link between quantum computing’s theoretical foundations and the practical aspects of programming and experimentation. It also allows users to experiment with and develop quantum algorithms, as well as simulate and execute them on simulators and real-world cloud-based quantum devices. It also simplifies the quantum programming process and allows a diverse range of people to participate in the exciting world of quantum computing. The paper, on the other hand, provides the mathematical foundation for analyzing quantum circuits and algorithms using linear algebra principles, as they provide the tools needed to describe and manipulate quantum states and operations. Furthermore, the paper shows quantum circuit design and implementation using real Qiskit codes.
AbstractThe quantum computing has been proven to provide the solutions to most complex computations in the world today. Quantum computers can solve the problems with polynomial resources. Quantum information can be encoded in a number of ways, such as spin components of basic particles like photons, electrons, and polarization of photons. The quantum computer uses quantum bits which are superposition of states called as qubits, which is the classical fundamental unit of information. A quantum computer is a regular classical computer with additional ability to control the quantum bits. It is a regular computer connected to a special peripherals and a set of quantum bits simulated to build controller architecture. Two simulators are used for the quantum programming, one is Microsoft Q# and other is IBM Qiskit. Classical language Q # is used to program the quantum controller and its operations such that initializing a qubit, applying a gate on a qubit and measuring a qubit. IBM Qiskit programs simulates the functionality of quantum circuit and creates it’s drawing using a graphical interface with qubits, gates, and measurements. Qiskit provides simulators that run quantum circuits using visualization tools that help to understand the effect of our quantum circuits on the quantum states. The teleportation technique allows the quantum information to be communicated at a distance. An unbreakable encryption protocol is built for polarizing photons through the quantum channel. The combination of quantum computing and AI has the potential to drive significant advances across many sectors.
Quantum entanglement has gained significant attention in recent years owing to its diverse application in quantum informatics. Its nonlocal nature makes it a crucial resource in quantum information, especially in quantum communication and networking. Entanglement plays a vital role in advancing quantum computation and technology.This study discusses the creation of entangled quantum states using photon pairs and the measurement of entanglement, utilizing the IBM Q Experience the first industrial initiative to develop universal quantum computers and provide widespread access to these technologies through cloud platforms. The introduction of the Qiskit tool has enabled researchers, educators, developers, and enthusiasts to write code and conduct experiments on quantum machines. In this study, we implemented and tested circuits on the IBM Q quantum computing platform using Qiskit to execute quantum computing programs such as the Bell Inequality, CHSH Inequality, and Five-Qubit GHZ States, with two successful programming presented, these tools, along with the associated Jupyter Notebook pages, serve as additional resources for users of the IBM Q Experience. We present the results which will help evaluate these prototypes’ performance. Where quantum computers are designed to process information units that go beyond mere abstract mathematical entities, as suggested by Shannon’s theory; instead, they represent real physical objects defined by one of the two fundamental physical theories—quantum mechanics.
In this paper, we present the Quantum Information Software Developer Kit - Qiskit, for teaching quantum computing to undergraduate students, with basic knowledge of quantum mechanics postulates. We focus on presenting the construction of the programs on any common laptop or desktop computer and their execution on real quantum processors through the remote access to the quantum hardware available on the IBM Quantum Experience platform. The codes are made available throughout the text so that readers, even with little experience in scientific computing, can reproduce them and adopt the methods discussed in this paper to address their own quantum computing projects. The results presented are in agreement with theoretical predictions and show the effectiveness of the Qiskit package as a robust classroom working tool for the introduction of applied concepts of quantum computing and quantum information theory.