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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters

Generation of Short Pulses by Filtering Phase-Modulated CW Laser Radiation

R. N. Shakhmuratov

Published Feb 1, 2023• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A method for generating short pulses with a high repetition rate is proposed. It is based on periodic modulation of the radiation phase of a CW laser and subsequent filtering through a narrow-band frequency filter. At the output of the filter, a sequence of short pulses is generated with a period equal to half the modulation period. In the case of a resonant filter using atoms, ions or molecules with a narrow absorption line, the appearance of pulses can be explained by constructive interference of the incident radiation with radiation coherently scattered by resonant particles. An alternative explanation of the pulse generation in the general case, when frequency filters operating on other principles are used, is based on the interference of the spectral components remaining after filtering. The method can be applied for time division multiplexing to transmit digital information through a single channel at high speed. The advantage of the proposed method is the use of phase modulation (not strictly periodic), integrated with frequency filtering to generate pulses and encode information simultaneously in one circuit, while in other known methods, information is introduced into a sequence of regularly generated pulses using additional amplitude modulation.

DOI
10.1134/s0021364022602470

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A method for generating short pulses with a high repetition rate is proposed. It is based on periodic modulation of the radiation phase of a CW laser and subsequent filtering through a narrow-band frequency filter. At the output of the filter, a sequence of short pulses is generated with a period equal to half the modulation period. In the case of a resonant filter using atoms, ions or molecules with a narrow absorption line, the appearance of pulses can be explained by constructive interference of the incident radiation with radiation coherently scattered by resonant particles. An alternative explanation of the pulse generation in the general case, when frequency filters operating on other principles are used, is based on the interference of the spectral components remaining after filtering. The method can be applied for time division multiplexing to transmit digital information through a single channel at high speed. The advantage of the proposed method is the use of phase modulation (not strictly periodic), integrated with frequency filtering to generate pulses and encode information simultaneously in one circuit, while in other known methods, information is introduced into a sequence of regularly generated pulses using additional amplitude modulation.
A method for generating short pulses with a high repetition rate is proposed. It is based on periodic modulation of the radiation phase of a CW laser and subsequent filtering through a narrow-band frequency filter. At the output of the filter, a sequence of short pulses is generated with a period equal to half the modulation period. In the case of a resonant filter using atoms, ions or molecules with a narrow absorption line, the appearance of pulses can be explained by constructive interference of the incident radiation with radiation coherently scattered by resonant particles. An alternative explanation of the pulse generation in the general case, when frequency filters operating on other principles are used, is based on the interference of the spectral components remaining after filtering. The method can be applied for time division multiplexing to transmit digital information through a single channel at high speed. The advantage of the proposed method is the use of phase modulation (not strictly periodic), integrated with frequency filtering to generate pulses and encode information simultaneously in one circuit, while in other known methods, information is introduced into a sequence of regularly generated pulses using additional amplitude modulation.
The resonant filtering method transforming the frequency-modulated radiation field into a train of short pulses is proposed to be applied in the optical domain. Effective frequency modulation can be achieved by using an electro-optic modulator. Due to frequency modulation, a narrow-spectrum cw radiation field is seen by the resonant filter as a comb of equidistant spectral components separated by the modulation frequency. Tuning a narrow-bandwidth filter in resonance with the nthn\mathrm{th}nth spectral component of the comb transforms the radiation field into bunches of pulses, with nnn pulses in each bunch. The transformation is explained by the interference of the coherently scattered resonant component of the field with the whole comb. Constructive interference results in the formation of pulses, while destructive interference is seen as dark windows between pulses. It is indicated that the optimal thickness of the resonant filter is several orders of magnitude smaller than the necessary thickness of the dispersive filters used before in the optical domain to produce short pulses from the frequency-modulated field.
By sweeping the frequency of a diode laser beam near the cesium resonance frequency, followed by propagation through a short length of cesium vapor, we obtained periodic peaks with peak-to-average ratios near 5 at pulse repetition rates up to a gigahertz. Light in the wings of a strong atomic absorption line of an alkali metal vapor encounters large group velocity dispersion. A frequency modulation in an off-resonance cw beam passing through the vapor consequently develops an amplitude modulation. For certain combinations of laser and vapor parameters, a sinusoidally frequency modulated beam can be made to develop peaks. We generated pulse trains in a frequency modulated single mode diode laser tuned to the cesium absorption line near 852 nm, which we observed by using a fast p-i-n photodiode and a sampling oscilloscope. The frequency of a diode laser was sinusoidally modulated with a sweep of about a gigahertz and a period of a few nansoseconds by introducing a small modulation into the laser pump current. We observed the formation of sharp peaks with a width of about one-tenth of the modulation period and a peak-to-background ratio of approximately 5.
We study a novel method to produce extremely short pulses of radiation in a resonant medium via induced transparency by means of adiabatic periodic modulation of atomic transition frequencies by far-off-resonant laser field, which causes linear Stark splitting of atomic energy levels resulting in partial transparency of an optically deep medium and drastic spectral modification of an incident resonant radiation. We find the regimes where the output spectrum corresponds to extremely short pulses and discuss several possible experimental realizations of generation of attosecond pulses in Li 2+ ions and femtosecond pulses in atomic hydrogen with commercially available facilities.
We present a method for the generation of complex pulse sequences by using periodic spectral phase modulation. An analytical expression is derived for the temporal profile of such pulse sequences, which relates the temporal amplitudes and phases of the subpulses to the Fourier components of the periodic phase mask. We consider two families of periodic phase masks, namely, when a single period is an odd or even function, and discuss the differences between the resulting pulse sequences. The ability to generate pulse sequences with more degrees of freedom provides an alternative parametrization for investigating quantum coherent control landscapes. This is illustrated in the context of dark pulses in nonresonant two-photon absorption.