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Laser Physics

Extremely short pulses via resonantly induced transparency

Yevgeny V. Radeonychev, Vitaly Polovinkin, Olga A. Kocharovskaya

Published May 25, 2011• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study a novel method to produce extremely short pulses of radiation in a resonant medium via induced transparency by means of adiabatic periodic modulation of atomic transition frequencies by far-off-resonant laser field, which causes linear Stark splitting of atomic energy levels resulting in partial transparency of an optically deep medium and drastic spectral modification of an incident resonant radiation. We find the regimes where the output spectrum corresponds to extremely short pulses and discuss several possible experimental realizations of generation of attosecond pulses in Li 2+ ions and femtosecond pulses in atomic hydrogen with commercially available facilities.

DOI
10.1134/s1054660x1113024x

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We study a novel method to produce extremely short pulses of radiation in a resonant medium via induced transparency by means of adiabatic periodic modulation of atomic transition frequencies by far-off-resonant laser field, which causes linear Stark splitting of atomic energy levels resulting in partial transparency of an optically deep medium and drastic spectral modification of an incident resonant radiation. We find the regimes where the output spectrum corresponds to extremely short pulses and discuss several possible experimental realizations of generation of attosecond pulses in Li 2+ ions and femtosecond pulses in atomic hydrogen with commercially available facilities.
We propose a universal method to produce extremely short pulses of electromagnetic radiation in various spectral ranges. The essence of the method is a resonant interaction of radiation with atoms under the conditions of adiabatic periodic modulation of atomic transition frequencies by a far-off-resonant control laser field via dynamic Stark shift of the atomic levels and proper adjustment of the control field intensity and frequency, as well as the optical depth of the medium. The potential of the method is illustrated by an example in a hydrogenlike atomic system.
We derive the analytical solution uncovering the origin of the ultrashort pulse formation from the resonant radiation in a hydrogenlike medium [Y. V. Radeonychev, V. A. Polovinkin, and O. Kocharovskaya, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 183902 (2010)], which is a quantum interference of the atomic transitions from the ground to the first excited energy level split by an intense far-off-resonant laser field due to the instantaneous Stark effect into the periodically oscillating sublevels and interference of the resonantly scattered radiation with the incident one. The analytical solution shows that the pulses are almost bandwidth limited and can be produced in a wide range of parameters in excellent agreement with the more general numerical simulation. The experimental schemes to form few-femtosecond pulses from 122-nm radiation in atomic hydrogen as well as few-hundred-attosecond pulses from 13.74-nm radiation in a Li2+{}^{2+}2+ medium are discussed.
We show the possibility of producing a short bunch of nearly bandwidth-limited few-cycle attosecond pulses based on time-dependent resonant interaction of an incident radiation pulse with the bound states of hydrogen-like atoms. Time-dependence of an atomic resonance is provided by a laser pulse far from resonance with an intensity well below the atomic ionization threshold via time-dependent tunnel ionization from the excited states and time-dependent adiabatic Stark splitting of the excited energy levels. Without external matching of the spectral components it is possible to produce pulses with durations up to 80 as at the carrier wavelength of 13.5 nm in Li 2+ -plasma, as well as pulses with durations up to 600 as at the carrier wavelength of 122 nm in atomic hydrogen.
We show the possibility to produce nearly bandwidth-limited few-cycle pulses based on time-dependent resonant interaction of an incident radiation with the bound states of hydrogenlike atoms. A time-dependence of an atomic resonance is provided by far-off-resonant laser field with intensity much below the atomic ionization threshold via time-dependent tunnel ionization from the excited states and temporal adiabatic Stark splitting of the excited energy levels. Without external synchronization of the spectral components it is possible to produce a train of two-cycle pulses at 121.6 nm with duration 800 as in atomic hydrogen.
We consider the conversion of monochromatic radiation in the case of resonant interaction with a quantum system under the condition of harmonic modulation of the quantum transition frequency by the action of additional nonresonant radiation due to the Stark or Zeeman effect, taking into account the inhomogeneous broadening of the quantum transition line. It is shown analytically and numerically that resonant radiation can be converted in a train of ultrashort pulses with a peak intensity exceeding manifold the incident wave intensity. The possibility of the additional compression of the produced pulses is studied by compensating the inherent frequency modulation in a medium with a quadratic or programmable dispersion. The optimal values of the radiation — matter interaction parameters are found numerically. It is shown that generation of femtosecond optical pulses of radiation quasi-resonant to the δ transition of the atomic hydrogen Balmer series is possible.