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Optics Communications

Light shift induced modification of electromagnetically induced resonances in atomic vapor

Ranjit Kumar Singh, Nayan Sharma, Indra Hang Subba, Souvik Chatterjee, Ajay Tripathi

Published Mar 25, 2023• 4 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.optcom.2023.129466

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Level-crossing (LC) resonances in alkali-metal vapors are widely used for atomic magnetometry. One of the most simple and robust techniques involves a single circularly polarized light wave, while a transverse magnetic field (Bx⊥k) is scanned around zero to observe the subnatural-linewidth resonance of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in the light wave transmission. This technique allows miniaturization of the magnetic field sensor to a great extent, maintaining high sensitivity of measurements. To obtain a high quality factor of the LC resonance and, therefore, high performance of the sensor, either a high temperature (>120 °C) or an extended volume of the vapor cell (V≫1 cm3) is usually required. Here, we propose a slight modification to the commonly used configuration, which can provide high-quality LC resonances in small (≪1 cm3) vapor cells at a relatively low temperature of 60 °C or less. The modification consists in adding the second (pump) counterpropagating light wave with opposite circular polarization (σ+σ− configuration). In our experiments, the waves excite the D1-line ground-state level Fg=4 in cesium atoms in the presence of a buffer gas (Ne, 130 Torr). In the proposed scheme, a subnatural-linewidth electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) resonance is observed. We compare parameters of the EIA resonance with those obtained in the single-wave scheme to show benefits of using the proposed σ+σ− configuration. The results have good prospects for developing a low-power miniaturized atomic magnetometer with a wide operating range.
When many light emitters are subjected to an electromagnetic field with a wavelength λ, they may react collectively to the field. The resonant resulting, light-induced dipole-dipole interactions between atoms should lead to a collective frequency shift of the atomic lines. This shift, unfortunately named the cooperative or collective Lamb shift (CLS) despite its classical nature, depends on the shape of the sample. I will present a new investigation of the origin and validity of the CLS. To do so, we have measured the transmission resonance line shape of a dense hot vapor of potassium atoms confined in a slab with nanometer thickness. Using a complete model, we extract a density-dependent shift and width of the bulk atomic medium resonance (See Fig. 1(a)), deconvolved from the cavity effect [1].
We show theoretically and experimentally that the line shapes observed in ordinary electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) experiments in sodium atomic vapor can be explained by the superposition of two processes, EIT and N-type resonances (NTR). When the higher frequency side of the Doppler absorption profile is excited, EIT is dominant, whereas, for the lower frequency side, NTR is dominant, and, in between, interference between EIT and NTR takes place. Theoretical simulations, based on a perturbative approach, agreed reasonably well with the experimental observations. The signal behavior concerning ac Stark shifts has also been studied for EIT and NTR; it was found that, although the signal peak always shifts toward the higher frequency in the case of EIT, for NTR, the shift can be nullified by adjusting the power balance of the two incident beams.