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Optics Communications

Application of magnetically induced Fg=4→Fe=2 atomic transitions of cesium atoms in strong magnetic fields

Armen D. Sargsyan, A. Tonoyan, David G. Sarkisyan

Published Mar 25, 2023• 6 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.optcom.2023.129464

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Extreme increase in atomic transition probability of the Cs D_2 line in strong magnetic fields under selective reflection

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Selective reflection of 852-nm laser radiation from the interface between cesium vapor and the sapphire window of a 30-micrometer-thick microcell was used to record an extreme increase in the probability of the Fg=3→Fe=5 transitions associated with the Cs-atom D2 lines in magnetic fields with inductions ranging from 300 to 3200 Gauss. We showed that a group of seven transitions Fg=3, mF=−3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3→Fe=5, mF=−2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 was formed in accordance with the selection rules ΔmF=+1 for σ+-circularly-polarized radiation. These seven transitions have much higher probabilities in 500–1000 Gauss magnetic fields, with three of the transitions having probabilities higher than all of the other transitions originating from the level Fg=3. In magnetic fields with induction greater than 3000 Gauss, this group of seven transitions at the high-frequency end of the spectrum is completely separate from the group of transitions with Fg=3→Fe=4. Comparison of the frequencies and probabilities of these seven atomic transitions with those for the transitions Fg=3→Fe=5 showed good agreement between theory and experiment. We also discuss potential practical applications for these transitions.

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Study of frequency stabilization of a diode laser at all optical Cs atom magnetometer

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Theory of all optical cesium magnetometer is based on the optical testing which can be used in weak magnetic field measurement.The character of laser frequency stabilization would affect the magnetometer sensitivity directly.In this work,the principle of dichroic atomic vapor laser lock(DAVLL) is analyzed and compared with the other frequency stabilization methods.The method basing on traditional two-level atom is not applicable to cesium D2 transitional frequency stabilization.The DAVLL spectra of D2 line from ground states of Fg=4 and Fg=3 transitions at different magnetic field are measured.That the optimum magnetic field is about 16mT for two transitions is found out.The dependence of the frequency shift of the zero point of the frequency discrimination curve on the magnetic field strength is discussed.The result show that the magnetic field would make the zero point from ground state Fg =4 transition shift of 6MHz/mT relative to Fg=4→Fe=5 transition and shift of-9MHz/mT for ground Fg=3 transition relative to Fg=3→Fe=4 transition near the optimum field respectively.

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Spectrally selective optical pumping in Doppler-broadened cesium atoms

Jun-Hai Zhang, Xianjin Zeng, Qing-Meng Li +2 more

The D1 line spectrally selective pumping process in Doppler-broadened cesium is analyzed by solving the optical Bloch equations. The process, described by a three-level model with the Λ scheme, shows that the saturation intensity of broadened atoms is three orders of magnitude larger than that of resting atoms. The |Fg = 3〉 → |Fe = 4〉 resonance pumping can result in the ground state |Fg = 4, mF = 4〉 sublevel having a maximum population of 0.157 and the population difference would be about 0.01 in two adjacent magnetic sublevels of the hyperfine (HF) state Fg = 4. To enhance the anisotropy in the ground state, we suggest employing dichromatic optical HF pumping by adding a laser to excite D1 line |Fg = 4〉 → |Fe = 3〉 transition, in which the cesium magnetometer sensitivity increases by half a magnitude and is unaffected by the nonlinear Zeeman effect even in Earth's average magnetic field.

Chinese Physics B•May 1, 2013•2 citations
Selective reflection of 852-nm laser radiation from the interface between cesium vapor and the sapphire window of a 30-micrometer-thick microcell was used to record an extreme increase in the probability of the Fg=3→Fe=5 transitions associated with the Cs-atom D2 lines in magnetic fields with inductions ranging from 300 to 3200 Gauss. We showed that a group of seven transitions Fg=3, mF=−3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3→Fe=5, mF=−2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 was formed in accordance with the selection rules ΔmF=+1 for σ+-circularly-polarized radiation. These seven transitions have much higher probabilities in 500–1000 Gauss magnetic fields, with three of the transitions having probabilities higher than all of the other transitions originating from the level Fg=3. In magnetic fields with induction greater than 3000 Gauss, this group of seven transitions at the high-frequency end of the spectrum is completely separate from the group of transitions with Fg=3→Fe=4. Comparison of the frequencies and probabilities of these seven atomic transitions with those for the transitions Fg=3→Fe=5 showed good agreement between theory and experiment. We also discuss potential practical applications for these transitions.
Theory of all optical cesium magnetometer is based on the optical testing which can be used in weak magnetic field measurement.The character of laser frequency stabilization would affect the magnetometer sensitivity directly.In this work,the principle of dichroic atomic vapor laser lock(DAVLL) is analyzed and compared with the other frequency stabilization methods.The method basing on traditional two-level atom is not applicable to cesium D2 transitional frequency stabilization.The DAVLL spectra of D2 line from ground states of Fg=4 and Fg=3 transitions at different magnetic field are measured.That the optimum magnetic field is about 16mT for two transitions is found out.The dependence of the frequency shift of the zero point of the frequency discrimination curve on the magnetic field strength is discussed.The result show that the magnetic field would make the zero point from ground state Fg =4 transition shift of 6MHz/mT relative to Fg=4→Fe=5 transition and shift of-9MHz/mT for ground Fg=3 transition relative to Fg=3→Fe=4 transition near the optimum field respectively.
The D1 line spectrally selective pumping process in Doppler-broadened cesium is analyzed by solving the optical Bloch equations. The process, described by a three-level model with the Λ scheme, shows that the saturation intensity of broadened atoms is three orders of magnitude larger than that of resting atoms. The |Fg = 3〉 → |Fe = 4〉 resonance pumping can result in the ground state |Fg = 4, mF = 4〉 sublevel having a maximum population of 0.157 and the population difference would be about 0.01 in two adjacent magnetic sublevels of the hyperfine (HF) state Fg = 4. To enhance the anisotropy in the ground state, we suggest employing dichromatic optical HF pumping by adding a laser to excite D1 line |Fg = 4〉 → |Fe = 3〉 transition, in which the cesium magnetometer sensitivity increases by half a magnitude and is unaffected by the nonlinear Zeeman effect even in Earth's average magnetic field.