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Вестник Северного (Арктического) федерального университета. Серия: Гуманитарные и социальные науки

Социальный субъект в свете принципа дополнительности

Андрей Иванович Виноградов

Published Jan 1, 2013• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The article describes methodological procedures that help apply the principle of complementarity to socio-humanitarian cognition. The objects studied by social sciences prove to bear fundamental similarities with the objects studied by quantum physics. Taking a subject of history as an example, the author reveals the wave-particle essence of the social subject.

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Вестник Южно-Уральского государственного университета. Серия: Социально-гуманитарные науки•Jan 1, 2009•0 citations
The article describes methodological procedures that help apply the principle of complementarity to socio-humanitarian cognition. The objects studied by social sciences prove to bear fundamental similarities with the objects studied by quantum physics. Taking a subject of history as an example, the author reveals the wave-particle essence of the social subject.
In some cases with quantum experiments, some features of the objects disappear. These features we define as a pair of conjugate and complementarity quantities. Such results are not a rarity in quantum studies and this fact makes it possible to use the princi ple of complementarity in various fields of other natural sciences and some applied areas of knowledge (concerning classical objects of knowledge). The author solves this problem by discovering a certain methodology that would be similar to the principle of complementarity but applicable to the objects in cultural and humanitarian sphere as well.
The article is devoted to the problem of scientific and philosophical status of complementarity principlef. The author analyzes its explication by N. Bohr and its comprehension by scientists and epistemologists. It is shown that generally, the complementarity principle is a set of ideas, which allows comprehending of specific situation in quantum mechanics. Some of ideas – the role of language of classical physics, the role of macro-instrument, the integrity of scientific experiment, the integrity of micro-object – could be seen as general scientific and epistemological principles. The prohibition of ontologisation of quantum phenomenon, which necessarily leads to contradictions is considered as the semantic core of Bohr’s approach. However, the attempts of its generalization in science and philosophy were not successful. The complementarity postulate is viewed as methodological principle of foundations of quantum mechanics in its Copenhagen interpretation.
The complementary principle is considered as a general scientific and philosophical method in the article, whose aim is to reveal those aspects of the principle that also help to analyse humanitarian objects. Among these aspects are the categories that have not been used previously, such as contingence, noncommutativity of operators, operator and representation, regarded as presentations of one thing in another and by means of another thing. The author analyses the plot of the film «Spring on Zarechnaya Street» as an example and the concept «incomprehension» in particular in order to derive a possible complementary principle for the main characters of the film.
Today, many concepts from the dictionaries of academic psychology have entered the language of everyday communication. Perhaps the most common are the concepts of «subjective» and «objective». In many textbooks of psychology, «objective» is understood as something that belongs to the object itself, something that does not depend on the subject. The objective is opposed to the subjective-personal. Experimental research in the field of quantum physics questioned the division of the world into an impartial «objective reality» and its «subjective» (not impartial, biased) reflection, which provoked a crisis in this field of knowledge and the methodology of science as a whole. The main methodological problems of psychology are the question of the place of the mental in nature; on the relationship of mental and material phenomena, on the possibilities of human cognition - questions that also arose in the depths of quantum physics and were predetermined by the internal logic of their development. An excursion into quantum physics was necessary, firstly, for a deep understanding that reality is given to us in our sensations, perceptions, ideas and mental constructs (this was evidenced by the so-called «double slit experiment» and its interpretations) and we cannot say anything about reality as it is «in itself»; secondly, the realization that the foundations on which our knowledge is built differ from those in quantum physics. Currently, there is a dichotomy between material (physical) and conceptual reality. Thus, the principle of locality, which professes ordinary consciousness and according to which specific objects occupy a specific place in time and space, contradicts the principle of non-locality, according to which isolated systems do not exist at all and every particle of the universe is in «instantaneous» communication with all other particles. The world is created from the same quantum substance and it is impossible to say that one is the cause of the other. (This statement implies, in particular, a rethinking of the «principle of determinism» which requires the establishment of unambiguous causal relationships). The reality in which we live is not quantum, our language and stereotypes of thinking do not correspond to the nature of the phenomena described by quantum physics. It is about the deep properties of matter. Personally, I got the impression that the deeper you plunge into the world of atomic and subatomic, the more the outlines of the specific, material world familiar to us become blurred and the thinner the line between the physical and conceptual world, between the material and the spiritual becomes. The purpose of this article is to define the concepts of "objective" and "subjective" based on the analysis of achievements in quantum physics in the context of psychology.