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中国邮电高校学报：英文版

Quantum Key Distribution Based on Entangled States and Non-Orthogonal States

GaoFei, WenQiao-Yan, ZhuFu-Chen

Published Jan 1, 2004• 1 citation
OpenAlex

Abstract

In this paper two Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols are proposed, which combined BB84 protocol and EPR protocol subtly. In our protocols, entangled particles and non-orthogonal particles are mixed together and transmitted in the quantum channel. They play different roles respectively, and their physical characters are fully e:cploited.As a result, the efficiency of QKD is improved and identity authentication is added to the QKD procedure.

Related papers

Quantum Key Distribution Based on Entangled States and Non-Orthogonal States

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In this paper two Quantum Key Distribution(QKD)protocols are proposed,which combined BB84 protocoland EPR protocol subtly.In our protocols,entangled particles and non-orthogonal particles are mixed together and trans-mitted in the quantum channel.They play different roles respectively,and their physical characters are fully exploited.As a result,the efficiency of QKD is improved and identity authentication is added to the QKD procedure.

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Existing quantum key distribution protocols require classical channel and classical authentication procedure. We present an alternative quantum key distribution technique which not only can operate without the requirement of classical channel and classical authentication procedure but also rejects the use of the two. This key distribution technique can act as quantum authentication protocol. Quantum cryptography [1-6] and teleportation [7] are the two facets of quantum communication. Of these two, quantum cryptography has been developed out of practical necessity- classical cryptosytems are either secure but impractical or insecure but practical [8]. Around 1970, Wiesner [1] first realised that laws of quantum mechanics can ensure security. In 1984, this radical idea took shape when Bennett and Brassad [2] invented quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol. At present many QKD protocols exist; they can be classified as EPR and non EPR protocols. The common aspects of all these protocols are that pure

arXiv:quant-ph/9812087•Dec 31, 1998•2 citations
In this paper two Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols are proposed, which combined BB84 protocol and EPR protocol subtly. In our protocols, entangled particles and non-orthogonal particles are mixed together and transmitted in the quantum channel. They play different roles respectively, and their physical characters are fully e:cploited.As a result, the efficiency of QKD is improved and identity authentication is added to the QKD procedure.
A new protocol was proposed in which the quantum entangled states was used for quantum key distribution (QKD) and the quantum non-orthogonal states was used for user identification from eavesdropping as well. Both the two states were mixed as alternative form much or less in transmission via a quantum channel. Consequently, there was no need to transmit the classical information in identification process for dual contributions of non-orthogonal states. And the efficiency of QKD was got improved in the mean time. In addition, QKD and identification were completed simultaneously, so that the problem of impersonation was avoided.
Quantum key distribution (QKD) is an innovative solution in the cryptography world to prevent the information leakage that can sometimes be deliberate. Several QKD protocols were recently presented for building a secure shared key, of which the BB84 protocol is one of those interesting protocols. The authentication between the communicating parties is one of the issues that cause a huge argument. Furthermore, the current well-known QKD protocols are not yet ready to realize the personality of either the sender or the receiver, although the QKD protocol is already protected by the rules of physics and quantum mechanics to detect any interruption. This paper introduces a new QKD protocol that utilizes two quantum channels to provide authenticated communications for legitimate parties. Moreover, the proposed QKD protocol uses two type of physical behaviors, entanglement and superposition states. The entangled states are utilized to confirm the authentication between the end users, while the superposition states carry the secret key that will be shared between the users.
Quantum key distribution(QKD) is one of the most significant areas in quantum information theory. For nearly four decades, substantial QKD protocols and cryptographic methods are developed. In early years, the security of protocols are depend on switching different bases, which, in fact, are based on non-orthogonal states. The most famous example is the BB84 protocol. Later, other techniques were developed for orthogonal states cryptography. Representations of such protocols including the GV protocol and order-rearrangement protocols. It might be harder to implement protocols based on orthogonal states since they require extra techniques to obtain security. In this paper, we give two QKD protocols based on orthogonal states. One of them needs not to employ order-rearrangement techniques while the other needs. We give analyses of their security and efficiency. Also, anti-noisy discussions would be given. Our protocols are highly efficient when considering consumptions of both qubits and classical bits while they are robust over several noisy channels. Moveover, the requirements of maximally entangled states maybe less than previous protocols and so the efficiency of measurements may be increased.
Assuming there is a prior shared string K between the two communicators,a novel idea is proposed in this paper,namely,the shared string K is lengthened into a longer K′ by an algorithm instead of being used to authenticate directly,and K′ will be used to authenticate after some proper treatments. Based on this,almost all Quantum Key Distribution(QKD) protocols can do authentication at the same time.As an example,a new Quantum Key Authentication(QKA) protocol based on non-orthogonal entangled states is presented,which can distribute key simultaneously.Investigation shows the protocol is simple and has higher security than the conventional QKD protocols.
Existing quantum key distribution protocols require classical channel and classical authentication procedure. We present an alternative quantum key distribution technique which not only can operate without the requirement of classical channel and classical authentication procedure but also rejects the use of the two. This key distribution technique can act as quantum authentication protocol. Quantum cryptography [1-6] and teleportation [7] are the two facets of quantum communication. Of these two, quantum cryptography has been developed out of practical necessity- classical cryptosytems are either secure but impractical or insecure but practical [8]. Around 1970, Wiesner [1] first realised that laws of quantum mechanics can ensure security. In 1984, this radical idea took shape when Bennett and Brassad [2] invented quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol. At present many QKD protocols exist; they can be classified as EPR and non EPR protocols. The common aspects of all these protocols are that pure