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Beijing Youdian Xueyuan xuebao

A Protocol of Quantum Key Distribution and Identification

Gao Fei, Wen Qiao-yan

Published Jan 1, 2004• 5 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

A new protocol was proposed in which the quantum entangled states was used for quantum key distribution (QKD) and the quantum non-orthogonal states was used for user identification from eavesdropping as well. Both the two states were mixed as alternative form much or less in transmission via a quantum channel. Consequently, there was no need to transmit the classical information in identification process for dual contributions of non-orthogonal states. And the efficiency of QKD was got improved in the mean time. In addition, QKD and identification were completed simultaneously, so that the problem of impersonation was avoided.

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A new protocol was proposed in which the quantum entangled states was used for quantum key distribution (QKD) and the quantum non-orthogonal states was used for user identification from eavesdropping as well. Both the two states were mixed as alternative form much or less in transmission via a quantum channel. Consequently, there was no need to transmit the classical information in identification process for dual contributions of non-orthogonal states. And the efficiency of QKD was got improved in the mean time. In addition, QKD and identification were completed simultaneously, so that the problem of impersonation was avoided.
A quantum key distribution and identification protocol is proposed, which is based on entanglement swapping. Through choosing particles by twos from the sequence and performing Bell measurements, two communicators can detect eavesdropping, identify each other and obtain the secure key according to the measurement results. Because the two particles measured together are selected out randomly, we need neither alternative measurements nor rotation of the Bell states. Furthermore, less Bell measurements are needed in our protocol than in the previous similar ones.
Quantum key distribution(QKD) is one of the most significant areas in quantum information theory. For nearly four decades, substantial QKD protocols and cryptographic methods are developed. In early years, the security of protocols are depend on switching different bases, which, in fact, are based on non-orthogonal states. The most famous example is the BB84 protocol. Later, other techniques were developed for orthogonal states cryptography. Representations of such protocols including the GV protocol and order-rearrangement protocols. It might be harder to implement protocols based on orthogonal states since they require extra techniques to obtain security. In this paper, we give two QKD protocols based on orthogonal states. One of them needs not to employ order-rearrangement techniques while the other needs. We give analyses of their security and efficiency. Also, anti-noisy discussions would be given. Our protocols are highly efficient when considering consumptions of both qubits and classical bits while they are robust over several noisy channels. Moveover, the requirements of maximally entangled states maybe less than previous protocols and so the efficiency of measurements may be increased.
Quantum key distribution (QKD) is the most extensively researched quantum cryptographic protocol, leveraging quantum phenomena to enable information-theoretically secure key establishment. Conventional QKD systems rely on authenticated classical post-processing channels to prevent impersonation attacks. However, QKD inherently lacks authentication capabilities, necessitating an external authentication mechanism. Furthermore, the classical post-processing steps introduce information leakage, exposing QKD to additional attack strategies and diminishing the final key rate. In this study, we introduce a novel QKD protocol that eliminates the need for separate authentication, prevents information leakage, and significantly improves the achievable key rate. By removing public classical channels entirely, our design attains perfect secrecy with the use of two reusable pre-shared keys.
Assuming there is a prior shared string K between the two communicators,a novel idea is proposed in this paper,namely,the shared string K is lengthened into a longer K′ by an algorithm instead of being used to authenticate directly,and K′ will be used to authenticate after some proper treatments. Based on this,almost all Quantum Key Distribution(QKD) protocols can do authentication at the same time.As an example,a new Quantum Key Authentication(QKA) protocol based on non-orthogonal entangled states is presented,which can distribute key simultaneously.Investigation shows the protocol is simple and has higher security than the conventional QKD protocols.