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Enhanced Physical Layer Security Through Transmit Antenna Selection

Hirley Alves, Richard Demo Souza, Merouane Abdelkader Debbah

Published Jan 1, 2011• 0 citations
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Abstract

Abstract—We analyze the physical layer security of a commu-nication scheme with a multiple antenna legitimate transmitter, employing transmit antenna selection (TAS), and a single antenna legitimate receiver in the presence of a single antenna eaves-dropper. We developed closed-form expressions for the analysis of the secrecy outage probability supposing independent and quasi-static Rayleigh fading channels. Our results show that the secrecy outage probability is considerably increased when multiple antennas are available at the legitimate transmitter. Moreover, due to the use of the TAS technique, the eavesdropper is not able to exploit the additional spatial diversity offered by the legitimate transmitter. I.

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Abstract—We analyze the physical layer security of a commu-nication scheme with a multiple antenna legitimate transmitter, employing transmit antenna selection (TAS), and a single antenna legitimate receiver in the presence of a single antenna eaves-dropper. We developed closed-form expressions for the analysis of the secrecy outage probability supposing independent and quasi-static Rayleigh fading channels. Our results show that the secrecy outage probability is considerably increased when multiple antennas are available at the legitimate transmitter. Moreover, due to the use of the TAS technique, the eavesdropper is not able to exploit the additional spatial diversity offered by the legitimate transmitter. I.
We analyze the physical layer security of a communication scheme with a multiple antenna legitimate transmitter, employing transmit antenna selection (TAS), and a single antenna legitimate receiver in the presence of a single antenna eavesdropper. We developed closed-form expressions for the analysis of the secrecy outage probability supposing independent and quasi-static Rayleigh fading channels. Our results show that the secrecy outage probability is considerably increased when multiple antennas are available at the legitimate transmitter. Moreover, due to the use of the TAS technique, the eavesdropper is not able to exploit the additional spatial diversity offered by the legitimate transmitter.
We introduce an opportunistic scheduling to enhance the physical layer security with transmit antenna selection (TAS) in multiuser environment. We consider a wireless communication system composed of a single transmitter and multiple legitimate users in the presence of several eavesdroppers with each node having multiple antennas under quasi-static Rayleigh fading channel. The transmitter selects the best transmitting antenna and the best user to maximize signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the selected user. The user and eavesdropper can employ either selection combining (SC) or maximal ratio combining (MRC) to combine the received signals. New closed-form expressions for probability of positive secrecy and outage are derived. Moreover, asymptotic analysis reveals the outage diversity gain and array gain for the proposed scheme. The impact of number of users, eavesdroppers, and antennas on secrecy performance are clearly demonstrated with mathematical analysis and numerical results.
We propose and analyze transmit antenna selection (TAS) to enhance physical layer security in a wiretap channel with multiple antennas at the transmitter, the receiver, and the eavesdropper. We consider the practical scenario of passive eavesdropping, where the transmitter does not have any channel state information (CSI) of the eavesdropper's channel. In the main channel between the transmitter and the receiver, we select a single antenna at the transmitter that maximizes the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the receiver. At the receiver and the eavesdropper, we consider two combining techniques: 1) maximal-ratio combining (MRC) and 2) selection combining (SC). For non-identical Rayleigh fading between the main channel and the eavesdropper's channel, we first derive new closed-form expressions for the exact and asymptotic secrecy outage probabilities. The asymptotic results accurately reveal the secrecy diversity order and the secrecy array gain. Next, we derive new closed-form expressions for the probability of positive secrecy and characterize the ε-outage secrecy capacity. We show that, under TAS/MRC and TAS/SC protocols, the secrecy outage probability approaches zero and the ε-outage secrecy capacity increases with increasing number of transmitter antennas.
We analyze the physical layer (PHY) security of a communication scheme consisting of a multiple antenna transmitter with a single radio frequency (RF) chain using transmit antenna selection (TAS) and a single antenna receiver, in the presence of a sophisticated multiple antenna eavesdropper. We develop closed-form expressions for the analysis of the secrecy outage probability, and we show that the PHY security can be considerably enhanced when multiple antennas are available at the legitimate transmitter. Moreover, a single RF chain multiple antenna transmitter reduces cost, complexity, size and power consumption at the expense of a slight loss in performance with respect to a multiple RF chain transmitter.
We investigate the physical layer security for opportunistic scheduling scheme using transmit antenna selection (TAS) with maximal ratio combining (MRC) at receiver and eavesdropper under a quasi-static Rayleigh fading channel. We assume a scenario composed of a single transmitter, multiple users and a single eavesdropper each equipped with multiple antennas. The transmitter selects best transmit antenna and best user to enhance the secure communication. A theoretical analysis is performed to derive new closed form expressions for probability of positive secrecy and outage probability at a normalized secrecy rate. Furthermore, asymptotic analysis on the outage probability reveals the outage diversity gain and array gain. It is confirmed that number of antennas at eavesdropper impacts on secrecy array gain while the outage diversity gain is determined by the product of number of users and antennas at the transmitter and the user. From numerical results, TAS is verified as a suitable option for secure opportunistic scheduling.
The impact of feedback errors on the security performances of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wiretap channels is analyzed. For the legitimate MIMO system, two schemes are considered: 1) transmit antenna selection/maximal ratio combining (TAS/MRC) and 2) transmit antenna selection/receive antenna selection (TAS/RAS). The eavesdropper uses either MRC or RAS techniques. We derive closed-form expressions for the exact secrecy outage probability (SOP) and the probability of strictly positive secrecy capacity (PSPSC). In order to obtain the secrecy diversity order and the secrecy array gain, on asymptotic SOP expression is also derived.